我国教育考试立法的现实困境与应然出路  

The Realistic Predicament and the Way out of the Legislation of Education Examinations in China

作　　者：靳澜涛 JIN Lantao(Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国考试》2020年第12期59-65,共7页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：教育部2016年人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“公法争议与公法救济研究”(16JJD820001)。

摘　　要：我国教育考试立法的调研与起草已持续10余年之久,不仅立法名称在“教育考试法”与“考试法”之间反复,而且立法层级经历从法律到行政法规再上升为法律的转变,立法进程也由起草完毕回归组织研究,始终未能取得实质性突破。教育考试立法历程的曲折无果,造成教育法确立的国家教育考试制度和刑法规范对考试作弊规制的条文解释缺乏配套规范,导致现行下位法呈现效力层级相对有限、调整范围留有空白、权责义务不均衡。因此,应当制定“国家教育考试法”,对考试种类、考试机构、实施、评价、监督及违纪违规行为的认定与处理作出相对统一且细致的规定,尤其要明确考试机构的权责划分,理顺管理体制,保障社会组织参与考试工作。同时,有必要完善程序性规定,保障考生的权益,形成多元化的争议解决机制,体现考试秩序维护和考生权利保护并重的价值导向。The investigation and drafting of China’s education examination legislation has lasted for more than ten years.Its legislative process of education examination is tortuous and fruitless,which results in the lack of supporting laws in the national educational examination system established by the education law and the regulation of criminal law on cheating in examinations.The current norms of subordinate law present problems such as relatively limited level of effectiveness,blank adjustment scope,imbalance of rights and obligations,which is not conducive to the deepening reform of the examination and enrollment system.Therefore,we should formulate the national education examination law to make relatively uniform and detailed regulations on the management of education examination.In particular,it is necessary to clarify the division of power and responsibility,rationalize the management system,and ensure the participation of social organizations.At the same time,it is necessary to improve the procedure of examination legislation,to protect the rights and interests of examinees,to form a diversified examination dispute resolution mechanism,embodying the value orientation of both examinations’order maintenance and candidates’right protection.

关 键 词：教育考试 国家教育考试法 考试法 考试作弊 考试管理 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]