藏猪在亚热带条件下的生长特性及其杂交利用效果  

Growth characteristics and cross utilization of Tibetan pig in subtropical area

作　　者：王塑天 孟繁明 胡斌 辛海云 李宝红 杜宗亮 李剑豪 WANG Sutian;MENG Fanming;HU Bin;XIN Haiyun;LI Baohong;DU Zongliang;LI Jianhao(Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition,Guangzhou 510610,China;Maoming Branch,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Maoming 525000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所/畜禽育种国家重点实验室/广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室,广东广州510610 [2]岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心,广东茂名525000

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2020年第11期1963-1969,共7页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：广州市科技计划重点项目(201707020007);广东省科技计划(2017A010405039);清远市创新创业科研团队启航计划(2018002);科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)(R2019YJ-YB2004);广东省农业科学院院长基金(201808)。

摘　　要：为了探究藏猪在亚热带环境条件下的生长特性及其杂交利用效果,本研究根据藏猪、杜洛克猪和广东小耳花猪开展不同组合的杂交试验结果分析比较在广州亚热带环境条件下藏猪及杂交猪的繁殖性能、生长性能、胴体特性和肉质特性。结果表明,在亚热带环境下,藏猪、杜藏猪、藏杜花猪的窝均产仔数在各杂交实验组间无显著差异,杜藏二元杂仔猪初生体质量和35日龄断奶体质量显著高于纯种藏猪。在生长试验中,藏猪、杜藏猪、藏杜花猪的平均日增重分别为(201.43±25.41)、(469.67±41.13)和(425.54±58.37)g,杜藏二元杂交猪和杜藏花三元杂交猪生长速度显著高于纯种藏猪,生长速度的杂交优势明显。杜藏二元杂交猪和杜藏花三元杂交猪胴体质量显著高于藏猪,杜藏二元杂交猪皮率显著低于纯种藏猪。肉质分析结果显示,大理石纹评分和肌内脂肪含量以杜藏猪最高,嫩度以纯种藏猪最佳。综上所述,将高原藏猪迁至亚热带地区饲养后,其窝均产仔数和仔猪断奶成活率较原产地藏猪有所提高,表明藏猪适合在广州地区生长;在亚热带环境条件下,通过将藏猪与杜洛克、广东小耳花猪进行杂交可以显著提高后代生长速度同时提升了猪肉质品质、养殖效益,缩短了饲养周期,同时本研究也为藏猪的杂交利用提供了基础数据支持。To explore the growth characteristics and cross utilization of Tibetan pig in subtropical area,Tibetan pig,Duroc pig and Guangdong small-ear spotted pig were used to carry out various cross experiments in subtropical area Guangzhou.In addition,the reproductive performance,growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality of Tibetan and hybrid pigs were analysed and compared.Our results showed that,in the subtropical environment,the number of live births of Tibetan pig,Duzang pig and Zangduhua pig had no significant difference between the different experimental groups,but the 35-days-old weaning weight of Duzang pig was higher than that of Tibetan pig.Growth test indicated that average weaning weights of Tibetan pig,Duzang pig and Zangduhua pig were respectively(201.43±25.41),(469.67±41.13)and(425.54±58.37)g.These data suggested the growth rates of Duzang pig and Zangduhua pig were significant higher than purebred Tibetan pig,the hybrid vigour of growth rate was obvious.The carcass weight of Duzang and Zangduhua pig was significantly higher than that of Tibetan pig,and skin percentage of Duzang pig was significantly lower than that of Tibetan pig.The results of meat quality analysis showed that the marbling score and intramuscular fat content were highest in Duzang pig,while the tenderness of meat was best.In conclusion,in the subtropical area,crossing Tibetan pig with Duroc pig and Guangdong small-ear spotted pig can significantly improve the growth rate and meat quality that can help to improve the breeding efficiency and shorten the raising period.Meanwhile,this study also provided basic data support for the cross utilization of Tibetan pigs.

关 键 词：藏猪 亚热带地区 杂交利用 胴体肉质 生长 繁殖性能 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]