从爱有差等到爱无差等:儒家“仁”之道德范式新解  

From Love Has Differences to Love Has No Difference:A New Explanation of the Moral Paradigm of Confucian Benevolence

作　　者：李秀倜 LI Xiu-ti(Department of Marxism,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学马克思主义学院,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《河南科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期17-22,共6页Journal of Henan University of Science & Technology(Social science)

基　　金：2017年国家社科基金项目(17BZX048)。

摘　　要：儒家的道德范式其实是从“爱有差等”到“爱无差等”,但儒家的“爱无差等”并非墨家概念式的“兼爱”,而是由感性的“爱有差等”上升到由理性的“义”所约束的“爱无差等”。因为纯粹的感性的“爱”有其不可避免的偏私性与狭隘性,理性的“义”则可以克服这些缺点,从而达到无差等的境界,这一过程称之为“仁”。故“仁”的道德发生范式其实是:用代表理性判断的“义”来平衡调适感性的“爱”的偏私与狭隘,最后达到“爱无差等”。但是,虽然“爱无差等”,“义”却有先后,如果能从“爱”与“义”的依存关系入手,用理性之“义”来节制感性的“爱”之盲目,同时用“爱”之感性来丰富与激活“义”的形式性,使“仁”作为一种具体的道德力量而活动起来,“以义节爱,以爱动义”,就能更好地彰显儒家提倡的“仁”之普遍性与活动性。The Confucian moral paradigm is from“Love has differences”to“Love has no difference”,however,the Confucian“Love has no difference”is not the Confucianism concept of“Universal Love”,but from the perceptual“Love has differences”to“Love has no difference”which is bounded by the rational“Righteousness”.Pure perceptual“Love”has its inevitable bias and parochialism,and rational“Righteousness”can overcome these shortcomings as to achieve the state of no difference,this process is called“Benevolence”.So,the moral paradigm of“Benevolence”is that the concept of“Righteousness”,which represents rational judgment,is used to balance or adjust the bias and parochialism of“Love”,and finally achieved“Love has no difference”.Although“Love has no difference”,but“Righteousness”has a sequence,if we can start with the interdependence between“Love”and“Righteousness”,use the rational“Righteousness”to control the blindness of perceptual“Love”,and at the same time enrich and activate the formality of“Righteousness”with the sensibility of“Love”.This will make“Benevolence”active as a concrete moral force,then achieve“bind Love with Righteousness,push Righteousness with Love”.In this way,we can better demonstrate the universality and activity of“Benevolence”advocated by Confucianism.

关 键 词：儒家 仁 义 理性与感性 

分 类 号：B222.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]