山地林果茶园电动自走式挖穴机的设计与试验  

Design and test of electric self-propelled digger in mountain tea orchard

作　　者：吴伟斌[1,2] 冉晓 陈姗[1,2] 岳丹丹 梁荣轩 陈理 洪添胜[1,2] WU Weibin;RAN Xiao;CHEN Shan;YUE Dandan;LIANG Rongxuan;CHEN Li;HONG Tiansheng(College of Engineering,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment,Ministry of Education/Division of Citrus Machinery,China Agriculture ResearchSystem/Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Creative Hilly Orchard Machinery,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室/国家柑橘产业技术体系机械化研究室/广东省山地果园机械创新工程技术研究中心,广州510642

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2020年第6期128-135,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：广东省科技计划重点研发项目(2019B020223001,2019B020214001);茶叶产业创新团队设施与机械化岗位专家(2019LM1119);广东省科技计划项目(2017A090905020)。

摘　　要：针对目前山地林果茶园挖穴作业人工劳动强度大和作业效率低的问题,设计了一种具有行驶动力的山地林果茶园电动自走式挖穴机。该挖穴机能自动完成钻头进给行程与复位行程。田间试验结果表明,该挖穴机单次作业平均挖穴时间为50.7 s,单次有效挖穴作业能耗为6.38 W·h,施肥穴平均深度为392.5 mm,施肥穴平均直径为303 mm,行走速度为1.237 m/s,能够顺利通过15°斜坡。挖穴作业过程中钻头的进给与回程运动均无需人工操作,可提高工作效率,降低劳动强度,并保证挖穴操作中的安全性。Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity and low work efficiency in digging holes in mountain forests and fruit tea gardens,this research designed an electric self-propelled hole digging machine with driving power in mountain forests and fruit tea gardens.The machine has the characteristics of driving power,automatic completion of the feed stroke and reset stroke of the drill bit,simple and compact overall structure,and the ability to stably carry out digging operations on a 15°slope.In terms of overall structure,the digging machine is composed of a digging mechanism,an automatic lifting mechanism,a walking mechanism,a supporting mechanism,a control system and a frame.Among them,the digging mechanism is composed of a 48 V DC motor,a conversion head and a drill bit;the automatic lifting mechanism is composed of a power transmission system,a guide mechanism and a stroke limiting device;the walking mechanism is composed of a 24 V hub motor and a universal wheel;the supporting mechanism is composed of movable The supporting frame,connecting rod and adjusting device are composed;the frame is formed by welding 30 mm×30 mm square steel.In terms of digging performance test,the 5-point sampling method was used to select 5 test points in 2 citrus orchard test sites and 1 tea plantation test site for testing.Among them,the depth of the citrus test ground was 20 cm,and the average soil moisture content was measured.They are 24.30%and 18.49%.The average soil compactness is 437 and 837 kPa,respectively;the soil depth of the tea garden test site is 20 cm,the average soil moisture content is 22.01%,and the average soil compaction is 372 kPa.In terms of climbing performance test,the slopes with gradients of 5.4°,8.4°and 15.2°were selected for the climbing test,starting from the junction of the straight road and the slope,measuring the slope of 9 m with a tape measure,and selecting the next 5 m as the test road section.Stop the digging machine on a straight road close to the ramp.After the walking motor starts to rotate

关 键 词：山地林果茶园 电动挖穴机 电动自走式 自动升降 能耗试验 挖穴机构设计 

分 类 号：S224.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]