不同类型地膜对土壤温湿度、杂草抑制及芋头生长发育的影响  

Effects of different membranes on soil temperature and humidity, weed suppression and growth of taro

作　　者：王安[1] 常庆涛[1] 赵艳 孙剑霞 蒋莹[1] 吴薇[1] WANG An;CHANG Qingtao;ZHAO Yan;SUN Jianxia;JIANG Ying;WU Wei(Taizhou Agricultural Science and Technology Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taizhou 225300,China;Economic Crops Guidance Station of Jingjiang City,Jingjiang 214500,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院泰州农业科学研究所,江苏泰州225300 [2]靖江市经济作物指导站,江苏靖江214500

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2020年第5期101-105,124,共6页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项[JATS(2018)177,JATS(2019)289]。

摘　　要：以香沙芋为试验材料,设置PPC生物降解膜(A1)、PCO2生物降解膜(A2)、普通黑膜(A3)、普通白膜(A4)和露地(CK) 5个处理,研究2种生物降解膜降解过程及其对土壤温度、湿度、杂草抑制和植株生长的影响。结果表明:A1、A2平均降解周期分别为155、184 d。A1和A2较CK均明显提高土壤温度,土壤日均温度较CK分别提高1.85和3.52℃,但增温效应低于普通薄膜A3和A4。各处理对土壤湿度的影响由大到小依次为A3、A4、A2、A1、CK。A2对田间杂草的控制效果最好(A3除外),其杂草抑制率在7月31日、8月29日分别为85.29%和64.29%。A1、A2对芋头株高、茎粗、叶长和叶宽的促进作用低于A3、A4,但较CK显著提高芋头株高。与CK相比, 2种可降解生物膜均显著提高单株鲜芋产量15%以上,但增产效果均显著低于普通薄膜A3、A4。综合2种生物降解膜降解速率、土壤增温保墒、产量表现等,建议A2用于该地区芋头地膜覆盖栽培。The degradation process of 2 biodegradable films and their mulching effects on soil temperature, humidity, weed suppression and taro(Colocasia esculenta L. Schoot) growth were studied in field experiments. Five treatments were: PPC biodegradable film(A1), PCO2 biodegradable film(A2), ordinary black film(A3), ordinary white film(A4) and uncovered(CK). The results showed that the average degradation longevity of A1 and A2 were about 155 d and 184 d respectively. Both A1 and A2 significantly increased the average daily soil temperature by 1.85 and 3.52 ℃ respectively as compared to the control. However, the temperature increased was lower than that of ordinary plastic film A3 and A4. The order of soil moisture was A3>A4>A2>A1>CK. A2 had the best control effect on weeds in the field(except A3), with the weed inhibition rate of 85.29% on July 31 and 64.29% on August 29, respectively. A1 and A2 had less effect on plant height, stem diameter, leaf length and leaf width than A3 and A4, but significantly increased plant height of taro compared with CK. The two biodegradable films significantly increase fresh taro yield by more than 15%. However, the yield increase is significantly lower than that of ordinary film A3 and A4. The yield of 2 biodegradable film treatments does not differ significantly. A2 could be applied to the cultivation of taro under biodegradable film mulching in this area in terms of degradation rate, soil warming and moisture preservation, and yield performance.

关 键 词：芋头 生物降解膜 降解特性 土壤温湿度 杂草抑制 产量 

分 类 号：S632.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]