基因工程猪红细胞替代人红细胞治疗贫血疾病的进展  

Progress of Genetically Engineered Pig Red Blood Cells to Replace Human Red Blood Cells to Treat Anemia

作　　者：崔烨华 王毅[2] CUI Ye-hua;WANG Yi(Department of Urology,Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanhua University,Hengyang,Hunan Province,421001 China;Department of Urology,Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College,Haikou,Hainan Province,570311 China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学附属第二医院泌尿外科,湖南衡阳421001 [2]海南医学院第二附属医院泌尿外科,海南海口570311

出　　处：《中外医疗》2020年第31期196-198,共3页China & Foreign Medical Treatment

摘　　要：目前,血液制品短缺是一项世界性难题。其中,一些疾病如镰刀型贫血等疾病需要反复输注红细胞治疗,由此增加了患者发生致敏和溶血性输血反应等不良反应,也更加限制了他们对供体血液的选择范围。为了解决这些问题,异种输血是潜在的解决方案之一,而猪红细胞(pRBCs)因为与人红细胞具有多重相似性而受到广泛的关注。然而,由于猪的红细胞上天然存在3种已知的碳水化合物的异种抗原(半乳糖-α1,3-半乳糖[Gal],N-羟乙酰神经氨酸[Neu5Gc],β-1,4-N-乙酰基-半乳糖胺基转移酶2[Sda]),单纯的异种输血是不可行的。最近,随着基因工程猪技术的发展,已实现了敲除猪体内特异性抗原的能力,以减少人类体液和细胞免疫反应的发生。该文主要总结了异种输血的起源、最新研究进展以及实现异种输血需要克服的障碍等问题。At present,the shortage of blood products is a worldwide problem.Among them,some diseases,such as sickletype anemia,require repeated red blood cell transfusion,which increases the patient’s adverse reactions such as sensitization and hemolytic transfusion reactions,and also limits their choice of donor blood.To solve these problems,heterologous blood transfusion is one of the potential solutions,and porcine red blood cells(pRBCs)have received widespread attention because of their multiple similarities with human red blood cells.However,due to the natural existence of three known carbohydrate heterologous antigens(galactose-α1,3-galactose[Gal],N-glycolylneuraminic acid[Neu5 Gc],β-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2[Sda]),pure heterogeneous blood transfusion is not feasible.Recently,with the development of genetically engineered pig technology,the ability to knock out specific antigens in pigs has been achieved to reduce the occurrence of human humoral and cellular immune responses.This article mainly summarizes the origin of heterogeneous blood transfusion,the latest research progress,and the obstacles that need to be overcome to achieve heterogeneous blood transfusion.

关 键 词：红细胞 异种输血 猪红细胞 基因工程 

分 类 号：R556[医药卫生—血液循环系统疾病]