论“形神”观与六朝绘画意象的关系  

On the Relationship between the Concept of“Form and Spirit”and the Painting Image in the Six Dynasties

作　　者：王中栋 WANG Zhongdong(Chinese Department,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中文系,上海200241

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第6期101-108,共8页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：上海市社科规划项目“宋代意象思想研究”(2020EWY006)。

摘　　要：在玄、佛合流的背景下,六朝绘画艺术逐渐从追求形似发展为追求神似,从注重形貌的逼真发展为对内在神韵的探索,推动了主观情意与感性对象的有机统一。“形”作为感性直观的现象形态是意象创构的基础;“神”则是意象的灵魂,使象充满了生机和活力。“形”与“神”相契相合、浑然一体,又归于玄冥之境,体现了飘逸灵动的意象思维。六朝画论家尤为注重以形传神、喻意象形,通过独具匠心的构思与想象才能超越现实时空的局限,获得一种物我两忘的自由感,由此创造出气韵生动的绘画意象。六朝画论中的意象思想既是对传统“形神”观的深化与发展,同时也反映了六朝绘画艺术的自觉,奠定了意象范畴兴起的思想和方法论基础。Against the background of the fusion of metaphysics and Buddhism,the painting art of the Six Dynasties gradually developed from the pursuit of similarity in form to the pursuit of similarity in spirit,from the focus on the realistic appearance to the exploration of the rich implications,which promoted the organic unity of subjective feelings and perceptual objects.As a perceptual and intuitive phenomenon,“form”is the foundation of image creation,while“spirit”is the soul of image,which makes the image full of vigor and vitality.The combination of“form”and“spirit”is an integral whole,and it belongs to the mysterious world,which reflects the elegant and flexible image-thinking.The painters of the Six Dynasties paid special attention to the expression of the spirit and the meaning of the pictograph.Through the ingenious conception and imagination,they could transcend the limitation of the real time and space,obtain a sense of freedom of forgetting both things and self,and thus create vivid painting images.The image concept in the painting theory of the Six Dynasties not only deepens and develops the traditional concept of“form and spirit”,but also reflects the autonomy of painting art in the Six Dynasties,and lays the ideological and methodological foundation for the rise of image category.

关 键 词：形神观 意象 神仪在心 迁想妙得 取之象外 

分 类 号：B83-06[哲学宗教—美学]