实现碳排放达峰和空气质量达标的协同治理路径  

Pathway to meet carbon emission peak target and air quality standard for China

作　　者：陈菡 陈文颖[1] 何建坤[1] CHEN Han;CHEN Wen-ying;HE Jian-kun(Institute of Energy,Environment and Economy,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学能源环境经济研究所,北京100084

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2020年第10期12-18,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：科学技术部重点专项“我国应对气候变化与经济社会环境协同治理路径模拟研究”(批准号:2018YFC1509006);科学技术部《第四次气候变化国家评估报告》(减缓气候变化卷)编制工作专项;国家自然科学基金项目“国际气候治理与合作机制研究”(批准号:71690243);中爱自然科学基金委员会双边合作项目“可持续能源转型之路:全球和中爱能源-经济-环境-气候多模型创新集成模拟”(批准号:51861135102)。

摘　　要：气候变化和空气污染造成的社会福利损失对中国高质量、可持续发展的制约日趋显著。加速碳排放达峰和空气质量达标(“双达”)进程,是引领全球气候治理和实现美丽中国目标必须应对的课题。当前,国家在控制碳排放和污染水平上的中长期目标仍未有效传导至地方,不利于发挥环境约束对规划制定和经济转型的倒逼作用。为此,作者立足于后疫情时代经济绿色复苏的新形势,从协同控制措施、协同管理体系和区域协同治理等方面,探讨“双达”行动对降低社会低碳转型成本和提高地方经济综合竞争力的推动作用;同时从国家和省市两方面分析了协同治理工作在顶层政策机制、技术体系和资金支撑等方面的关键制约因素,提出以温室气体和多污染物协同减排为导向、以管理和技术协同为保障和以区域协同治理为手段的应对思路。建议国家在“十四五”时期进一步完善分区域、分批“双达”的原则及其配套机制建设,在每个地级市制定大气环境质量限期达标方案的基础上要求发达地区和低碳试点城市进一步提出碳排放总量控制目标,推动地方将“双达”目标纳入引领区域经济低碳转型的目标体系和各项专项规划等政策文本,积极探索排污交易、碳市场和电力市场有机融合的市场化治污降碳新方式。The social welfare loss caused by climate warming and air pollution has increasingly restricted China’s high-quality sustainable development.Hence accelerating the pace of reaching the peak carbon emissions and national air quality standard(so-called‘double-reach’)is a critical issue China has to address on the way toward becoming a leader in international climate governance and achieving the goal of building a‘Beautiful China’.However,the overall national targets have not been effectively passed onto local governments,which might prevent environmental constraints from motivating the regulation formation and economic transformation.Therefore,based on the new circumstance of green recovery in the post-pandemic era,this study attempts to look into the impact of‘double-reach’actions on lowering social costs and strengthening local economic competitiveness from the perspectives of adopted measures,management system and regional corporation.This study also analyzes the key constraints concerning funding,technological and policy supports from both national and provincial levels.Then it is proposed that the coping strategies should be directed by the co-control of air pollutants and GHGs,propped by coordinated management across different administrative departments,and implemented by regional cooperation.Moreover,it is suggested that the principle of achieving‘double-reach’by region and in batches should be established during the 14th Five-Year-Plan period,and a relevant supporting mechanism should also be established.That means that each prefecture-level city should work out its own plan to meet the air quality standard within a specific time span,based on which the more developed cities and low-carbon pilots should be required to set total amount control target for carbon emissions.In this way,the‘double-reach’timetable could be gradually incorporated into local socioeconomic development plans that serve as guidelines for regional low-carbon economic transformation.Also,both the central government

关 键 词：碳排放 空气质量 达峰 协同治理 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]