激活后增强效应提高青少年足球运动员冲刺能力的研究  

Study on the Enhancement Effect of Post-activation to Improve the Sprinting Ability of Young Football Players

作　　者：于亮[1] 周志博 赵丽[1] YU Liang;ZHOU Zhibo;ZHAO Li(School of Sport Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2020年第6期550-554,共5页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题(校2020084);北京体育大学国际合作课题(2018GJ012)。

摘　　要：通过分析60%1RM负荷下恢复时间对青少年足球运动员激活后增强效应(简称“PAP”)的影响,确定PAP的恢复时间段,并在PAP增强期内进行冲刺训练,探讨该训练方法对青少年足球运动员冲刺速度的影响。进行1组6次×60%1RM的深蹲练习后进行PAP诱导,并在PAP诱导前及诱导后的15 s、3 min、6 min、9 min、12 min时测试CMJ。确定最佳时间后将20名受试青少年足球运动员分为PAP结合冲刺训练组(PS组)及冲刺训练组(S组),进行为期4周的训练,每周2次。使用EPTS系统测算受试青少年每周的最大速度均值和最大代谢功率。PAP诱导后3 min时出现CMJ成绩峰值(p<0.05),PS组在训练第2周的20 m成绩和第4周的CMJ成绩与初始成绩比较存在显著差异(p<0.05),PS组在训练第4周的最大速度和最大代谢功率变化呈递增趋势(p<0.05)。受试青少年足球运动员采用中等负荷可以有效地激活PAP效应,PAP效应维持期为3~9 min,3 min时出现CMJ成绩峰值。在PAP增强期进行冲刺训练可以提高受试青少年足球运动员的冲刺速度,并对受试青少年足球运动员的训练课的运动表现起着积极作用。By exploring the influence of recovery time below 60%1RM load on PAP effect,the recovery time period of PAP effect was determined,and sprint training was carried out during the PAP enhancement period to explore the influence of this training method on sprint speed of young football players.A group of 6×60%1RM squats were performed for PAP induction,and CMJ was tested at 15 s,3 min,6 min,9 min and 12 min before and after PAP induction.After determining the optimal time,20 subjects were divided into PAP combined sprint training group(PS)and sprint training group(S)for 4 weeks,twice a week.EPTS monitors players'weekly maximum speed averages and maximum metabolic power.CMJ performance peak occurred at 3 min after PAP induction(p<0.05),and there was a significant difference between the initial value and the CMJ scores of players in the PS group at the second week and the CMJ scores at the fourth week(p<0.05).The maximum speed and maximum metabolic power of players in the PS group at the fourth week showed an increasing trend(p<0.05).Moderate load can effectively activate the PAP effect in young football players,and the duration of the PAP effect is 3-9 min,and the peak CMJ performance occurs at 3 min.Sprinting training during the PAP enhancement period can improve the sprinting speed and jumping ability of the players,and play a positive role in the performance of the players in the training session.

关 键 词：青少年足球运动员 激活后增强效应 冲刺能力 体能 速度 

分 类 号：G808.17[文化科学—体育训练]