雅斯贝尔斯哲学信仰的理性维度探析  

On the Rational Dimension of Jaspers’Philosophical Belief

作　　者：周菲菲 ZHOU Fei-fei(School of Humanities and Social Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学人文社会科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第6期130-139,共10页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：哲学信仰是一种对超越之存在的确信,是一种笃定依靠理性而生活的信念。哲学信仰的实质在于理性。在哲学信仰中,理性凭借其先行性在临界境遇中打开通向超越的生存维度;理性作为生存的工具和内驱力打开生存性交往的空间,使自由现实化;理性因其历史性在生存性交往中澄明爱,从而达到把人们连结在一起的真理。雅斯贝尔斯意义上的理性有6个特点:理性承认“存在”的可能性和多元性,反对必然论、一元论和决定论;理性可以通过其辩证的折返运动洞见无法被对象化之物,将信仰引入理性领域;理性思维的基本形式是否定性的辩证思维,而不是一种建构性的直线思维;理性思维具有相对性与经验性;理性自身具有一种既能够超越世俗价值判断又能够穿透虚无主义的价值洞察力;理性具有独立性与自觉性。Philosophical Faith is a kind of belief in the existence of transcendence,a kind of belief that lives on reason.The essence of philosophical faith lies in reason;In philosophical faith,reason relies on its preemptiveness to open up the dimension of Existence that leads to transcendence in existential situations;reason,as a tool and drive for Existenz,opens up the space for existential communication and realizes freedom;reason relies on its historicity to clarify love in existential communication,so as to achieve the truth that connects all people together.R eason according to Jaspers has six characteristics:reason recognizes the possibility and pluralism of Being,and opposes necessity,monism and determinism;reason can provide insights into things that cannot be objectified through its dialectical reentry movement,faith is introduced into the realm of reason;the basic form of rational thinking is a kind of negative dialectical thinking,rather than a kind of constructive linear thinking;the relativity and empirical nature of rational thinking;reason has a value insight that can transcend secular value judgments and penetrate nihilism;reason is independent and conscious.

关 键 词：德国哲学 雅思贝尔斯 哲学信仰 理性 生存哲学 

分 类 号：B516.53[哲学宗教—外国哲学]