讲中国故事,探贵州民族教育的前世今生  

Historical Inquiry into the National Education Development in Guizhou

作　　者：高应昶[1] GAO Ying-chang(College of Foreign Languages,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025 China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学外国语学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《教育教学论坛》2020年第48期123-126,共4页Education And Teaching Forum

基　　金：2017年度铜仁学院高等教育研究中心立项课题“贵州高等教育史研究”(黔教科研发〔2017〕85号)。

摘　　要：世居贵州的十七个少数民族,民族语言各异,相互交流不易。很久以前,少数民族的文化教育程度十分低下,进入学校享受文化学习的机会更少。明清时期兴起的学校教育是以儒家文化来“熏陶”少数民族民众的“性情”,以利于统治,虽然客观上推动了少数民族文化的提高,但实难成为真正的民族教育。基督教教会学校在贵州少数民族地区兴办学校教育,客观上推动了少数民族地区文化事业发展和少数民族文化素养的提高,培养了一批少数民族知识分子,为新中国在少数民族地区开展民族教育,打下了一定的基础。但其同样不是真正的民族教育,其目的更是别有用心。新中国人民政权建立后,贵州少数民族教育才进入兴盛时期,特别是改革开放后,贵州全境不仅全面实行了义务教育,而且民族高等教育也得到了切实的推行和发展。对贵州少数民族教育的前世今生进行系统性探讨,有利于更好地把握民族教育的方向,提升民族文化,同时丰富民族社会的发展成果。The 17 ethnic minorities who have lived in Guizhou for a long time have different ethnic languages and it is not easy to communicate with each other.Long time ago,the educational status for minorities was quite low,with little chances of being educated in schools.School education that arose from Ming and Qing Dynasty used Confucian culture to"edify"the"temperament"of the minority people,thus to strengthen the control of the government.Although it promoted the local culture objectively,it could hardly be regarded as real national education.Protestant schools set up school education in minority areas in Guizhou,which objectively promoted the cultural development in minority areas and the artistic appreciation of the minority people and trained a group of ethnic minority intellectuals.This set a certain foundation for New China to carry out national education in minority areas.But still,this was not a real national education,for it was with ulterior motives.After the establishment of the People's Government of the People's Republic of China,the education of ethnic minorities in Guizhou entered a prosperous period.Especially after the reform and opening up,not only compulsory education was fully implemented throughout Guizhou,but ethnic higher education was also practically promoted and developed.This systematic historical inquiry into the national education development in Guizhou will help to better grasp the direction of national education in the future,develop the national culture,and enrich the development achievements of ethnic society.

关 键 词：民族教育 历史 贵州 

分 类 号：G759[文化科学—教育学]