碳边境调节机制与世界贸易组织规则适应性探讨与启示  

The adaptability of the carbon border adjustment mechanism&WTO rule and its enlightenment

作　　者：安琪[1] AN Qi(Energy Research Institute,National Development and Reform Commission)

机构地区：[1]国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2020年第11期10-13,共4页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：碳边境调节机制与后疫情时期绿色复苏、国际贸易法规密切相关,并与世界贸易组织规则适应性存在国际争议。分析《关税与贸易总协定》(GATT)具体条款及相关经济体主张,从规则一致性、适用范围及正当性三方面,判断碳关税等机制与世界贸易组织规则的整体适应性。分析发现,碳关税的生产足迹属性和贸易限制属性使其难以符合世界贸易组织的核心原则,但相关经济体可能从世界贸易组织规则的例外条款入手,设计合规的碳边境调节机制。中国应深入测算出口产品的隐含碳排放量,加速碳中和步伐,降低碳边境调节机制的相关影响。The carbon border adjustment mechanism is closely related to green recovery in the post-pandemic period and international trade regulations,and has international disputes with the adaptability of WTO rules.This article analyzes the specific provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT)and the propositions of related economies,and evaluates the overall adaptability of carbon tariffs and other mechanisms to WTO rules from such three aspects as consistency,adaption scope and legitimacy.It finds that the attributes of production footprint and trade restriction attributes of carbon tariffs make the mechanism difficult to comply with the core principles of the WTO.However,relevant economies may start with the exceptions to WTO rules to design the compliant carbon border adjustment mechanism.China should measure the implied carbon emissions of its exports in depth,accelerate the pace of carbon neutralization,and reduce the impacts of carbon border adjustment mechanism.

关 键 词：碳边境调节机制 世界贸易组织 《关税与贸易总协定》 碳排放 贸易规则 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F744[经济管理—国际贸易]