未遂犯的处罚范围及其规则重构  

The Scope of punishment for An Attempted Offense and Its Rule Reconstruction

作　　者：石聚航[1] Shi Juhang

机构地区：[1]南昌大学法学院,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《政治与法律》2020年第12期146-160,共15页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“刑法交互解释研究”(项目编号:19FFXB037);江西省社科规划项目“刑法积极主义及其法治限度研究”(项目编号:18FX03)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在我国,司法解释在个罪的未遂犯处罚模式上采取了对部分罪名明示处罚和严重犯罪一律处罚的立场,然而对于未明示的轻罪是否也要处罚并不明确。在个罪未遂处罚范围问题上,司法解释同时存在一律处罚、通过客观要素限制处罚、通过情节严重限制处罚的模式。我国刑法理论对于未遂犯处罚的讨论主要集中在未遂犯的处罚根据,对具体个罪未遂犯的处罚范围及其规则缺乏系统性的体系构建。主张参考域外刑法修改我国刑法中未遂犯的规制模式,在既有的我国刑法框架下难以成立。重罪与轻罪的区分说不仅在区分标准上不清晰,而且难以契合我国司法实践的通常做法。基本结果足以引起危险说,难以解释如何处罚加重犯的未遂。量刑规则说存在对于加重构成与量刑规则的误读,也会导致个案中刑罚适用的不均衡。在个罪未遂犯处罚范围上应当注重区分可罚的未遂与不可罚的未遂,同时强调法定刑对于未遂犯处罚范围的制约,以形成类型化和体系性的判断规则。Judicial interpretation adopts the position of punishment for some expressly-stated crimes and all serious crimes in the mode of punishment for an attempted offence.However,it is not clear whether attempted misdemeanors without express provision should also be punished.In terms of the scope of the punishment for attempted crimes,there are simultaneously modes of punishment for all attempted crimes,restricting the punishment through objective elements and restricting the punishment through the requirement of serious circumstances.The discussion on the punishment of attempted crimes in the theory of criminal law is mainly focused on the basis for the punishment of attempted crimes and there is no systematic institutional construction of the scope of punishment for specific crimes and their rules.The proposition is not feasible in the framework of the current criminal law that the legislative provisions on attempted crimes in the criminal law of China is amended by reference to foreign criminal laws.The distinction between the felony and the misdemeanor is not only unclear in the standard of distinction,but also difficult to fit the common practice of judicial practice.The doctrine of basic results sufficient to give rise to the danger can hardly explain how to punish an attempt in aggravated offences.The doctrine of the sentencing rule misunderstands the constitution of aggravated crimes and sentencing rules,and leads to the imbalance of imposed punishments in specific cases.In order to form categorized and systematic judgment rules,we should pay attention to the distinction between culpable attempts and inculpable attempts in terms of the scope of punishment for specific attempted crimes and meanwhile emphasize the restriction of legally-prescribed punishment on the scope of punishment for attempted offences.

关 键 词：未遂犯 基本犯 加重犯 处罚范围 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]