精神病专科医院住院患者苯二氮类药物应用调查  

Survey on the application of benzodiazepines in inpatients in psychiatric hospitals

作　　者：张欢 冯俊慧[2] 徐芳芳[2] 蒋贤飞 苏中华[2] ZHANG Huan;FENG Junhui;XU Fangfang;JIANG Xianfei;SU Zhonghua(Jining Medical University,Jining,272067;Jirting Psychiatric Hospital,Jining,272051)

机构地区：[1]济宁医学院,济宁272067 [2]济宁市精神病防治院,济宁272051

出　　处：《中国药物依赖性杂志》2020年第5期377-382,共6页Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence

摘　　要：目的:了解住院精神障碍患者苯二氮类(benzodiazepines,BZDs)药物使用情况,为其规范使用提供参考。方法:采用分层整群抽样的方法选择调查济宁市精神病防治院2017年出院1068例的精神障碍患者为研究对象,应用自编住院精神障碍患者苯二氮类药物使用资料收集表收集患者BZDs使用信息,分析其使用模式。结果:调查患者中758例使用了苯二氮类药物,即BZDs使用率为71.0%,且在各种精神障碍中均有使用,使用率较高者先后为抑郁障碍(90.2%)、轻性精神疾病(87.3%)、分离和转换性障碍(77.3%)、双相抑郁障碍(75.4%),最低者为儿童精神障碍(37.5%)。BZDs使用的目的主要是抗焦虑治疗(43.9%)和改善睡眠(53.9%),平均使用时间为26.7天,占平均住院天数的比例为77.2%;平均使用3.2地西泮5mg当量。在BZDs中,地西泮和阿普唑仑使用率最高,分别为51.5%和47.1%,其中地西泮静脉注射使用率高达96.4%,主要用于抗焦虑治疗,入住开放式病房患者地西泮使用率高于入住封闭式病房患者(58.5%:16.0%)。结论:被调查单位精神障碍住院患者苯二氮类药物使用较为普遍、使用的疾病范围较广、时间较长,需理性看待苯二氮类药物的临床应用情况。Objective:To understand the use of benzodiazepines in inpatients with mental disorders and provide a reference for their standardized use. Methods:A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select and investigate 1068 patients with mental disorders who were discharged from Jining Psychiatric Prevention Hospital in 2017. As a research object,a benzodiazepine drug use data collection form compiled for inpatients with mental disorders was used to collect patient′s benzodiazepine drug use information and analyze its use pattern. Results:A total of 758 patients were investigated using benzodiazepines, that is, the using rate of BZDs was 71.0%, and they were used in various mental disorders. The higher ones were depression disorder(90.2%), mild mental illness(87.3%), separation and conversion disorder(77.3%), and bipolar depression Disorders(75.4%),and the lowest was child mental disorders(37.5%). The purpose of using BZDs is mainly anxiolytic therapy(43.9%) and sleep improvement(53.9%). The average use time of benzodiazepines was 26.7 days, accounting for 77.2% of the average number of days in hospital;the average use of 3.2 diazepam 5 mg equivalent. Among BZDs, diazepam and alprazolam have the highest usage rates of 51.5% and 47.1%, respectively. The intravenous injection rate of diazepam is as high as 96.4%, which is mainly used for anxiolytic treatment. Diazepam utilization rate was higher in patients admitted to open wards than in patients admitted to closed wards(58.5%: 16.0%). Conclusion:The use of benzodiazepines in hospitalized patients with mental disorders in the surveyed unit is widespread, the range of diseases used is broad, and the time is long. The clinical application of benzodiazepines needs to be viewed rationally.

关 键 词：精神卫生机构 精神障碍患者 苯二氮类药物 临床调查 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]