含坡度隧道车辆阻塞下全尺寸火灾实验  

Full-scale experimental study of a fire under a vehicle in a sloped tunnel

作　　者：杨宇轩 刘畅 仇培云 龙增 钟茂华 YANG Yuxuan;LIU Chang;QIU Peiyun;LONG Zeng;ZHONG Maohua(Institute of Public Safety Research,Department of Engineering Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of City Integrated Emergency Response Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Guangzhou Metro Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510330,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学工程物理系,公共安全研究院,北京100084 [2]清华大学城市综合应急科学北京市重点实验室,北京100084 [3]广州地铁集团有限公司,广州510330

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第12期1030-1038,共9页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51674152,51425404)。

摘　　要：针对含坡度隧道火灾烟囱效应和阻塞效应对烟气扩散影响机理欠明确等问题,该文以国内某城市轨道交通线路为研究对象,开展了车辆阻塞下的全尺寸火灾实验研究。通过改变通风方式和车辆的阻塞状态,重点研究了气流速度、烟气温度竖直分布、烟气层分布和烟气蔓延时间等问题。结果表明:通风方式和车辆阻塞效应均会使火灾区域的流场产生变化,进而对气流速度、烟气分布和烟气蔓延时间造成影响。此外该文建立了烟气蔓延速度模型,揭示了车辆阻塞条件下含坡度隧道的火灾烟气特性和运移扩散规律,可为地铁火灾烟气控制和人员疏散提供数据和理论支撑。Smoke diffusion caused by the stack effect and the blocking effect in a sloped tunnel was investigated in a full-scale fire experiment under a stationary vehicle on an urban rail transit line.The ventilation mode and the vehicle blocking were varied to study the effects of the airflow velocity,the vertical distribution of the smoke temperature,the smoke layer distribution and the smoke spread time.The results show that the ventilation mode and the vehicle blocking both change the flow field near the fire which in turn influences the airflow velocity,smoke distribution and smoke spread time.A smoke spread velocity model was then used to further study the smoke diffusion for various vehicle blocking conditions.The conclusions can guide smoke control design and personnel evacuation plans for such tunnel fire scenarios.

关 键 词：隧道 坡度 阻塞 火灾 全尺寸实验 

分 类 号：X966[环境科学与工程—安全科学]