V频段卫星通信天线捕获跟踪系统研究  

Study of V Band Satellite Communication Antenna Acquisition,Tracking and Pointing System

作　　者：尚湘安 萧鑫 刘灵[1] 关鹏 卢绍鹏[1] 习清伶[1] SHANG Xiangan;XIAO Xin;LIU lin;GUAN Peng;LU Shaopeng;XI Qingling(China Academy of space Technology(Xi’an),Xi’an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院西安分院,西安710000

出　　处：《空间电子技术》2020年第5期77-81,共5页Space Electronic Technology

摘　　要：随着卫星通信向大容量、网络化发展,Q/V频段逐渐应用于卫星通信的星地馈电链路和星间链路。为了掌握Q/V频段卫星通信技术,课题开展了频率较高的V频段卫星通信天线捕跟系统研究和关键单机研制。由于V频段天线波束窄,天线指向精度要求高,课题选择了程控+自动跟踪的天线指向控制方法,天线捕获跟踪采用单通道单脉冲体制方案。针对V频段1.8m天线,解决了反射面赋性设计、精加工和形面精度测试,馈源小型化、精加工和装配,以及天线增益测试等难题。解决了V频段单通道调制器芯片电路稳定工作和参数优化方法,实现了低噪声、高增益和高的和差通道隔离特性。在单机研制基础上,搭建了V频段天线捕跟系统,通过外场捕获跟踪试验,获取了V频段卫星通信天线捕跟系统关键参数:天线增益大于56dBi,低噪放噪声系数小于4.2dB,自跟精度优于0.05°。通过课题研究,验证了天线捕跟系统优良的跟踪性能,突破了V频段关键单机设备研制技术,为后续型号应用积累了工程经验。With the development of satellite communication to large capacity and network,Q/V band is gradually applied to the satellite-ground feed link and inter-satellite link.In order to master the Q/V band communication technology,the subject carried out the research on the V band antenna tracking system and the development of the key units.Due to the narrow beam of the V-band antenna,the antenna pointing accuracy requires high.So,the project chooses the antenna pointing control method of program control+automatic tracking,and the antenna acquisition and tracking adopts the single-channel monopulse system.For the V band 1.8m antenna,the problems of 1)reflectance design,finishing and shape precision test,2)miniaturization of feed,finishing and assembly,and 3)antenna gain test are solved.The method of circuit stability and parameter optimization for V band single channel modulator is solved,and the characteristics of low noise,high gain and high sum-difference channels isolation are realized.Based on the machines developed,a V-band antenna tracking system was built.Through the outfield acquisition and tracking test,key parameters of the tracking system were obtained:the antenna gain was greater than 56dBi,noise figure of LNA is less than 4.2dB,and the self-tracking accuracy was better than 0.05°.Through the subject research,the excellent tracking performance of the antenna tracking system is verified,and the key device development technology of V band is broken through,which has accumulated engineering experience for the subsequent applications.

关 键 词：V频段 卫星通信 天线 捕获 跟踪 指向 

分 类 号：V474[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]