学问的单位:傅斯年和钱穆对中西学术分类异同的思考  

Reflection on Academic Classification in China and the West by Fu Sinian and Qian Mu

作　　者：罗志田[1] Luo Zhitian

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《文史哲》2020年第6期35-40,162,共7页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：在近代西潮冲击下,西方分科模式以现代学术之名而在中国成正统。由于牵涉到中国学术在世界的地位,很多新旧学人都致力于辨析中西学术分类的异同。傅斯年和钱穆都曾指出中西学术有别,西方以学为主,中国则以人为主。且两人都有某种超学术的心绪在(傅斯年想尽快赶超西方,而钱穆则欲为中国传统正名),所论不尽严谨;但他们的思考揭示了中西之间一个具有根本性的差异,即什么是学术的单位,这样的单位何以成立。通过近代学人以西学为参照系诠释自身学术特色的努力,可以看到中国学术从传统到现代的发展演变之复杂性。Under the impact of Western civilization in modern times,the mode of discipline got legitimacy in China in the name of modern academics.Many old and new scholars devoted themselves to analysing the similarities and differences between China and the West on academic classification as it concerning the position of Chinese academics in the world.Both Fu Sinian and Qian Mu once indicated that Western academics give priority to learning,while Chinese academics are based primarily on people.Their discourses are not precise enough because of their mood beyond academics:Fu wants to surpass the Western academics as soon as possible,while Qian’s desire is to Chinese tradition,yet their reflection reveal an essential difference between China and the West,i.e.what is the unit of academics,and how can such unit be tenable.Through modern scholars’ efforts to make interpretations on the characteristics of Chinese academics with reference to Western learning,we can see complexity in the process of Chinese academics evolving from the traditional to the modern.

关 键 词：学术分类 学术单位 学术特色 中西异同 傅斯年 钱穆 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]