6种杜鹃属花粉形态及活力研究  

The Pollen Morphology and Viability of Six Rhododendron Species

作　　者：赵进红[1] 赵勇[2] 张倩 王玉山[1] 付均惠 周光锋[1] Zhao Jinhong;Zhao Yong;Zhang Qian;Wang Yushan;Fu Junhui;Zhou Guangfeng(Taishan Forestry Science Institute,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China;Forestry Bureau of Tai’an City,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]泰安市泰山林业科学研究院,山东泰安271000 [2]泰安市林业局,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《农学学报》2020年第11期78-84,共7页Journal of Agriculture

摘　　要：为了解不同杜鹃花属植物花粉的形态、活力和寿命,观测映山红、迎红杜鹃、满山红、密枝杜鹃、高山杜鹃和白花杜鹃花粉形态结构,采用TTC染色法测定6种杜鹃花粉贮藏活力,研究不同杜鹃花粉活力随贮藏时间的变化规律。6种杜鹃花粉均为四合体复合花粉,呈球形四面体结构,不同花粉四合体的直径28.0~55.0μm,花粉由大到小依次为高山杜鹃>迎红杜鹃>映山红>白花杜鹃>满山红>密枝杜鹃。不同杜鹃花粉大小差异极显著。6种杜鹃花粉贮藏7天,生活力为62.4%~72.9%,花粉生活力由高至低依次为白花杜鹃>高山杜鹃>映山红>密枝杜鹃>迎红杜鹃>满山红,不同种之间差异显著。随贮藏时间延长,不同杜鹃花粉生活力呈不同程度下降,下降速度由慢到快依次为白花杜鹃<映山红<迎红杜鹃<满山红<密枝杜鹃<高山杜鹃。6种杜鹃间的花粉生活力随储藏时间变化差异极为显著。贮藏期7~21天的花粉生活力,白花杜鹃>映山红>迎红杜鹃>满山红>密枝杜鹃>高山杜鹃。不同贮藏期之间,花粉生活力差异极显著。6种杜鹃花粉形状结构基本一致,花粉大小存在差异。白花杜鹃花粉活力高,失活慢;高山杜鹃花粉采集后7天内保持较高的活力,随后快速失活,花粉寿命短;映山红亚属较杜鹃亚属的杜鹃花粉失活速度慢。To explore the pollen morphology,viability and longevity of different Rhododendron species,the pollen morphology and structure of R.simsii,R.mucronulatum,R.mariesii,R.fastigiatum,R.hybrides and R.micranthum were observed.TCC staining method was used to determine the pollen storage viability of the six species of Rhododendron,and the variation rule of pollen viability of different Rhododendron species with storage time was studied.Six kinds of Rhododendron pollen were tetrahedral complex pollen with spherical tetrahedral structure.The diameter of different pollen tetrahedrons ranged from 28.0 to 55.0μm.The order of pollen size was R.hybrides>R.mucronulatum>R.simsii>R.micranthum>R.mariesii.>R.fastigiatum.The pollen size of Rhododendron varied remarkably.The pollen viability of six species of Rhododendron ranged from 62.4%to 72.9%with significant differences after 7 days storage.The order of pollen viability was R.micranthum>R.hybrides>R.simsii>R.fastigiatum>R.mucronulatum>R.mariesii.With the prolongation of the storage time,the pollen viability of different Rhododendron species decreased in varying degrees,and the descending rate from slow to fast was R.micranthum<R.simsii<R.mucronulatum<R.mariesii<R.fastigiatum<R.hybrides.The pollen viability of the six species of Rhododendron varied extremely significant with the storage time.The order of pollen viability was R.micranthum>R.simsii>R.mucronulatum>R.mariesii>R.fastigiatum>R.hybrides during 7-21 days of storage.The difference of pollen viability was very significant among different storage periods.The pollen morphology and structure of the six species of Rhododendron were basically the same,and the pollen size was different.R.micranthum showed high viability and slow inactivation while R.hybrides pollen maintained high activity within 7 days after collection,then quickly inactivated,with short life.The pollen inactivation rate of Subgen.Tsutsusi was slower than that of Subgen.Rhododendron.

关 键 词：杜鹃属 花粉 形态特征 贮藏期 生命活力 

分 类 号：S7[农业科学—林学]