从模式到服务:城市社区养老认知的重构——超越养老模式,从养老服务的角度深化养老服务体系  

Cognitive Disputes and Satisfaction Measurement of Urban Community Pension Service--Begond the Pension Model,Deepen the Pension Service System from the Perspective of Elderly Care Services

作　　者：龚志文 李丹 Gong Zhiwen;Li Dan

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学文法学院,北京100083 [2]郑州电力高等专科学校,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2020年第11期115-124,共10页Henan Social Sciences

基　　金：河南省社科基金项目“公共危机中民众的素养与能力研究”(2020BSH020);中国博士后科学基金项目“我国邻避冲突的话语极化及其治理研究”(2019M650496);中央高校基本科研业务费项目“我国城市基层精细化治理逻辑研究”(FRF-TP-19-028A1);北京市社科基金项目“城市基层治理中的多重嵌入研究”(19GLC069)。

摘　　要：《“十三五”国家老龄事业发展和养老体系建设规划》等多项政策中均提出构建“居家为基础、社区为依托、机构为补充、医养相结合的养老服务体系”,对此的主流理解是居家、社区、机构均为养老模式。为此,北京提出了“9064”(即居家养老占90%、社区养老占6%、机构养老占4%),上海提出了“9073”等。这种认知导致养老实践走向了社区办机构的错误轨道,阻碍养老社会化发展的进程。实际上,养老实践发展的正轨是各种服务在社区聚合。为此:一要认清政策中提出的是构建“养老服务体系”而非“养老模式体系”,居家、社区、机构仅仅是服务载体或场域,认知的重点应该是老人养老所需的多少服务来自家庭、社区和机构,而非多少人在家庭、社区和机构中养老。二要认清“居家为基础、社区为依托、机构为补充”是指在养老资源配置次序上,私人养老资源应该优先于公共养老资源,养老首先由个人和家庭承担资源供给任务,来自政府、社会的公共资源优先解决养老基本公共服务需求和鳏寡孤独等特殊群体的养老需求。总之,城市养老服务体系包括家庭养老服务、社区养老服务、机构养老服务、其他养老服务,四种服务相互交叠又功能各异,其中社区养老服务是连接家庭养老、社会养老、机构养老的核心。The urban pension service system includes family pension services,community pension services,institutional pension services,and other aged care services.The four services overlap and play different roles and functions.The community pension service is a bridge for family pension and society.The core of pension and institutional pension.However,the timing differences and standard dislocations in the development of old-age practice have led to continuous disputes over the classification of pension models,the extension of pension models,and the attributes of pension services.Based on the survey data of 632 samples from S Street in Beijing,the optimal scale regression model was used to empirically analyze the satisfaction of urban elderly services and the influencing factors.The study found that urban residents have low overall satisfaction with community care services.The five factors of ageing service awareness,volunteer service,living conditions,education level and marital status have the greatest impact on satisfaction.To this end,we should go beyond the old-age model and deepen the understanding of the old-age service system from the perspective of old-age services;community old-age services should be built and promoted together to raise awareness of the elderly in the community;give full play to the role of social organizations and provide diversified pensions service.

关 键 词：社区养老服务 养老模式 老龄化 满意度测量 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]