论缺席审判后重审与一事不再理原则之关系——兼论重审程序之完善  

Relationship Between Trail De Novo of Ex Parte Verdict and Ne Bis In Idem--On the Perfection of Trail De Novo Procedures

作　　者：李泊毅 Li Boyi

机构地区：[1]《人民司法》杂志

出　　处：《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》2020年第5期81-89,共9页Journal of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

摘　　要：《刑事诉讼法》规定缺席审判过程中被告人自动投案或者被抓获的,判决裁定生效后罪犯到案提出异议的,应当重新审理。有观点认为重审是给予被告人一次参加诉讼的机会,而非再次给予否定性评价,因此由检察机关再次提起公诉与一事不再理原则并不冲突。但笔者认为,从既判力的物之范围与时之范围来判断,裁判生效前再诉便不符合一事不再理原则;裁判生效后,无论再诉与否,都有违一事不再理原则。只不过为了补正缺席审判的固有缺陷,保障被告人之听审权与在场权,重审是为一事不再理原则的法定例外。在重审的启动方式上,仅缺席审判作出有罪判决并生效后,罪犯对判决、裁定提出异议的,可允许控方重新起诉,其余情形只得由法院启动重审程序。The Code of Criminal Procedure stipulates that if the defendants turn themselves in or get arrested during the ex parte verdict,or the criminals raise an objection after the verdict takes effect,the court must rehear the case.According to some researchers,since this trail de novo provides defendants with an opportunity to plead in the court instead of giving negative evaluations,the prosecutors'refiling the case does not violate the principle of ne bis in idem.However,the author believes that from the perspective of the scope of things and the scope of time of res judicata,the refiling before the verdict takes effect does not conform to the principle of ne bis in idem,and the principle of ne bis in idem is violated after the verdict takes effect whether the case is refiled or not.As the legitimate exception to the principle of ne bis in idem,the trail de novo aims to remedy the inherent defect of ex parte verdict and guarantee the defendant's right to be heard and right to be on the scene.As to the starting mode of the trail de nove,the prosecutor is allowed to refile only after the guilty verdict is made during the ex parte virdict and takes effect and when the criminal dissents from the verdict.Under other circumstances the trail de novo must be started by the court.

关 键 词：缺席审判 重新审理 一事不再理原则 禁止双重危境 犯罪事实同一性 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]