基于故障特征频率的精密机械主轴复合故障定位方法  

Compound Fault Localization Method Based on Fault Characteristic Frequency for Precise Mechanical Spindle

作　　者：李芳 孙鹏飞[1] 张连新[1] LI Fang;SUN Pengfei;ZHANG Lianxin(Institute of Machinery Manufacturing Technology,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang Sichuan 621900,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所,四川绵阳621900

出　　处：《机床与液压》2020年第22期182-185,191,共5页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2017ZX04011001)。

摘　　要：针对由于撞刀事故引起的精密车床主轴精度下降问题,首先通过主轴振动信号监测,获取故障主轴振动信号频域特征;然后基于主轴结构和轴承特征参数,计算不同故障模式下轴承故障特征频率;最后基于故障特征频率与监测振动信号频率之间的对应关系,定位主轴故障位置。通过主轴拆卸和精度测试,验证了所提故障定位方法的有效性。实验结果表明:角接触球轴承内、外圈损伤是导致主轴精度下降的故障源,理论方法故障定位结果与拆卸实验定位结果一致;采用新轴承重装配后主轴的精度检测结果恢复正常,进一步验证了此故障定位方法的有效性。Collision of tools would result in precision reduction of the precise mechanical spindle.The frequency domain characteristics of the faulty spindle vibration signal were obtained by the vibration signal monitoring.Then,the fault characteristic frequency of bearings under different fault modes was calculated based on spindle structure and the bearing characteristic parameters.Finally,fault position of the spindle was located based on the relationship between the fault characteristic frequency and the frequency of the monitoring vibration signal.The effectiveness of the developed fault location method was verified by spindle disassembly and accuracy tests.The experimental results show that the damage in the inner and outer rings of the angular contact ball bearing is the fault source to decrease the spindle precision;the fault location result based on the theoretical method is consistent with the results from disassembly test positioning method.After using a new bearing,the spindle precision test result returns to normal,which further verifies the effectiveness of the developed fault location method.

关 键 词：机械主轴 撞刀 复合故障 特征频率 

分 类 号：TP206[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]