红肉火龙果花器官发生与发育过程观察  

Floral Organogenesis of Red Pitaya(Hylocereus monacanthus)

作　　者：孙佩光[1] 程志号[1] 孙长君[1] 郭素霞[1] 郭刚[1] 苗红霞[2] 李洪立[3] 吴琼[1] SUN Peiguang;CHENG Zhihao;SUN Changjun;GUO Suxia;GUO Gang;MIAO Hongxia;LI Hongli;WU Qiong(Haikou Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Banana Genetic Improvement of Hainan Province,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院海口实验站/海南省香蕉遗传改良重点实验室,海南海口571101 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所,海南海口571101 [3]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口571737

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2020年第9期943-949,共7页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院热带特色园艺作物种质资源收集、保存和创新利用团队项目(17CXTD-02);海南省自然科学基金项目(318MS103、319MS094)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究红肉火龙果花器官发生次序、解剖结构和形态特征,为火龙果花芽分化期划分和花期调控等研究提供参考。【方法】以红肉火龙果不同发育时期的花芽为材料,使用基恩士VHX-5000数码显微镜对花器官发生和发育过程进行观察。【结果】红肉火龙果花芽从枝条上的刺座下方发生;萼片原基、花瓣原基呈螺旋状发生。雄蕊原基多轮着生于花被片基部,近轴端雄蕊原基发育早于远轴端。花药着生方式为基着药,具4个花粉囊,对称排列,纵裂。心皮原基多达30个且同时发生,多个心皮原基底部愈合形成侧膜胎座和下位子房,子房1室。2行胚珠着生于腹缝线上,拳卷胚珠。心皮原基顶部收拢且向上分化出花柱和柱头。成熟的柱头浅裂24~30裂,柱头表面密布乳突细胞;花柱中空,花柱道密布乳突状细胞。【结论】红肉火龙果花器官发生次序为萼片原基–花瓣原基–雄蕊原基–雌蕊原基,部分花器官发生和发育在时间上存在重叠性。【Objective】Occurrence,distribution,anatomical structure,and morphological characteristics of floral organs of red pitaya(Hylocereus monacanthus)were microscopically observed to study the differentiation and regulation of the organogenesis.【Method】Flower buds on red pitaya plants at different developmental stages were examined under a VHX-5000 digital microscope.【Result】The flower buds were formed mainly below the spines on the branches.The sepal and petal primordia were initiated spirally.The multi-round stamen primordia originated at the base of perianth on proximal before distal axis.Anthers,including 4 pollen sacs lined symmetrically and split longitudinally,grew at the bottom.There were as many as30 carpels primordia appeared simultaneously.Multiple carpel primordia might form ovaries that contained a single locule.Two rows of circinotropous ovules were inserted on the abdominal suture.The mature stigma showed 24-30 shallow clefts with numerous papilla cells on the surface.The style had a hollow canal with an inner surface densely covered with passage cells.【Conclusion】The sequence of the floral organogenesis of red pitaya started from sepal primordia,developed into petal primordia,then stamen primordia,and finally,carpel primordia.However,there were overlaps in time of appearance on some of the organs.

关 键 词：红肉火龙果 花器官 解剖结构 数码显微镜 

分 类 号：Q945.65[生物学—植物学]