美国纽约州刑事证据开示制度改革——兼论认罪认罚前的证据知悉  

New York criminal discovery system reform——a discussion on the right of evidence acquaintance before the pleading guilty and accepting punishment

作　　者：赵常成 Zhao Changcheng(Law School of Renmin University of China,Beijing 100086)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100086

出　　处：《证据科学》2020年第5期573-587,共15页Evidence Science

摘　　要：为保障被追诉人认罪认罚的自愿性、真实性,认罪认罚前的证据知悉问题正为我国所关注。无独有偶,以辩诉交易普遍适用、错误定罪大量披露为背景,美国对认罪答辩前的证据开示问题也进行了持续性反思。近年来,美国各州陆续进行了大幅度的刑事证据开示制度改革,由“封闭卷宗模式”逐步向“开放卷宗模式”转型,其中以纽约州2019年4月1日通过的《证据开示司法改革法案》最具代表性。以“早期及全面证据开示”理念为指导,纽约州立法确立了全面的主动开示、分阶段的早期开示、认罪答辩的特别开示,并设置了保护令程序等配套机制,这为我国构建认罪认罚前的证据开示制度提供了饶有价值的借鉴样本。To guarantee the voluntariness and authenticity of the pleading guilty and accepting punishment,the discovery before the pleading is now under our country's consideration.At the same time,in the context of the general application of plea bargaining and the massive disclosure of wrongful convictions,the United States has also continued to rethink about the issue of discovery before pleading guilty.In recent years,various states in the United States have carried out substantial reforms of the criminal discovery system,gradually transforming from the"Closed-Dossier Model"to the"Open-Dossier Model",including the"Discovery for Justice Reform Act"passed by New York State on April 1,2019 as a featured example.Guided by the idea of"early and expanded discovery",the New York State legislation established a system consisting expanded initiative discovery,staged early discovery,special discovery of guilty plea,and set up supporting mechanisms such as protective order.This is a valuable reference for the construction of the Chinese discovery system before pleading guilty and accepting punishment.

关 键 词：证据开示 证据知悉权 值班律师阅卷权 认罪认罚 

分 类 号：D915.13[政治法律—诉讼法学]