楔入正统:经学教育的五次冲击  

Entering the Authority:The Five Impacts on Confucian Classics Education

作　　者：郑梦雪 ZHENG Mengxue(East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学,上海200062

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2020年第11期7-18,共12页Education and Teaching Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2016年度教育学一般课题“中国课程史研究”(编号:BOA160027)。

摘　　要：经学教育自汉确立,直至清末,始终占据中国古代教育的主流和主导地位,但是在中国古代教育史上依然先后出现了五次有悖于经学教育的教育思想与实践,它们分别是:东汉末年倡导文学技艺的鸿都门学;南北朝时期要求儒、玄、文、史并重的四馆;隋唐创办的具备“专科”性质的新型学校;宋初强调实用的“分斋教学”;以及清初试图颠覆经学教育的“六斋设教”。这些教育思想与实践虽然没有颠覆经学教育的地位,却在一定程度上反映了经学教育对人才以及知识认识的局限,反映了特定历史时期社会发展对教育的需求,日益丰富了中国古代的人才观与知识观,在一定程度上影响了经学教育乃至整个中国传统教育的发展走向。审视中国古代教育史上对经学教育的这五次冲击,有助于全面、深入地认识中国传统教育的发展特点与动因,亦可引起当下教育改革中对人才、知识价值以及课程整合等方面的再思考。From the Han dynasty to the end of Qing dynasty,the education of Confucian classics always occupied the core position of ancient Chinese education.However,in the history of ancient Chinese education still appear five thoughts and practices that counter to Confucian classics education.They are Hongdu School,which advocated literary skills at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty,the four schools requiring equal emphasis on Confucianism,Metaphysics,Literature and History in the Northern and Southern dynasties,the new school with the nature of"technical"established in the Sui and Tang dynasties,and the practical"departmentalized teaching"in the early Song dynasty and the"teaching in six departments"which tried to subvert the Confucian classics education in the early Qing dynasty.Although these educational thoughts and practices do not subvert the status of Confucian classics education,to a certain extent,they reflect the limitations of Confucian classics education on talents and knowledge,and reflect the needs of social development for education in a specific historical period.It has increasingly enriched the ancient Chinese view of talent and knowledge,and in some degree affected the development trend of Confucian classics education and even the whole Chinese traditional education.Examining the five impacts on Confucian classics education in the history of ancient Chinese education is conducive to a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the characteristics and motivation of the development of Chinese traditional education.It can also enlighten people’s rethinking of talents,knowledge value and curriculum integration in the current educational reform.

关 键 词：经学教育:鸿都门学 儒、玄、文、史四馆:书、律、算、医专科教育 分斋教学 六斋设教 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]