人工智能技术应用会减少制造业企业的就业机会吗?--以珠江三角洲制造业企业为例  

Will the Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology Reduce Employment Opportunities for Manufacturing Companies?--Taking Manufacturing Enterprises in the Pearl River Delta for Example

作　　者：邱玥 何勤[2] 董晓雨 QIU Yue;HE Qin;DONG Xiaoyu(School of Management,Beijing Union University,Beijing 100101;School of Labor Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070)

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学管理学院,北京100101 [2]首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院,北京100070

出　　处：《中国劳动关系学院学报》2020年第6期112-120,共9页Journal of China University of Labor Relations

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“人工智能对劳动力市场的冲击及劳动者知识技能转换应对研究”(项目编号:19AGL025)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在人工智能背景下,智能化转型成为许多企业的发展方向,然而在智能化设备代替人类工作者的过程中,新技术是否会带来失业问题成为社会讨论的焦点。本研究通过对珠江三角洲部分制造业企业进行问卷调查,并从智能化升级前后的员工总体数量变化、具体部门人数变化、员工工资收入变化以及企业的人力资源需求变化等四个方面进行分析。研究结果显示:(1)人工智能技术对企业员工存在一定程度的替代效应,但效果并不明显;(2)人工智能技术对部门结构进行重塑,将员工引向与人工智能技术相关的工作岗位上;(3)人工智能技术在企业中的应用对转岗员工收入的提升起到积极作用;(4)人工智能技术的各项优势以及在企业中起到的积极作用并不意味着劳动者被淘汰,反而增加了企业的劳动力需求。In the context of artificial intelligence( AI), intelligent transformation has become the development direction of many enterprises. However, in the process of replacing human workers with intelligent equipment, whether new technologies will lead to unemployment has become the focus of social discussion. This study, employing a questionnaire survey in some enterprises in the Pearl River Delta, analyzed and examined the changes in the overall number of employees before and after the intelligent upgrade and the number of employees in specific departments, changes of wages of employees, and changes in the human resource needs of enterprises. The results of this study found that: 1) AI technology has a certain degree of substitution effect on the total number of employees of the enterprise, but the effect is not obvious. 2) AI technology reshapes the department structure and directs employees to jobs of AI technology-related work. 3) The application of AI technology in the enterprise plays an active role in improving the income of transferred employees. 4) The advantages of AI technology and its positive impact on enterprises do not mean that workers are eliminated, instead increasing the labor demand of enterprises.

关 键 词：人工智能 制造业 就业机会 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济] F406.15[经济管理—国民经济]