信息结构—句法互动视阈下的“状语定化”  

Adverbial-Originated Attributives:A Perspective from Information Structure-Syntax Interaction

作　　者：张培翠[1] 马宝鹏 庄会彬[1] Zhang Pei-cui;Ma Bao-peng;Zhuang Hui-bin(Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China;University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学,威海264209 [2]中国矿业大学,徐州221116

出　　处：《外语学刊》2020年第6期47-54,共8页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“生成语法的汉语研究与新时代汉语语法理论创新”(18ZDA291);河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“字本位视角下汉语特点”(2020BYY002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：状语定化现象是一种动宾短语修饰语(即状语)移入动宾内部,与宾语邻接而具有一些定语特性的现象,属于形义错配。汉语状语定化的情况大致有二:对于形容词/副词性状语而言,按照信息结构的要求,它们可直接在宾语的定语位置实现,而名词性状语满足信息表达需要的手段则相对复杂。出于格的需要,它们实际上通常会出现在3个句法位置,从而其获得格的方式也有3种:出现在状语位置,从介词处获得格;出现在宾语位置,从动词处获得格;以宾语的定语身份出现,通过与宾语的一致关系获得某种格。最后一种实现方式即是状语定化。状语定化的两种情况虽然表面不同,实则本质相似,都是信息结构与句法互动的结果,其中来自信息结构的动力与句法上的限制之间的角逐则构成形义错配的主线。Adverbial-originated attributives refer to constituents that appear in the syntactic positions of attributives,but serve as the adverbials of the whole VP semantically.The paper identifies two types of adverbial-originated attributives:(1)adjective/adverb adverbials realized in attributive positions in accordance with the information structure requirement;and(2)noun adverbials which are realized by the same information requirement in a relatively more complex manner.In fact,for noun adverbials to be realized in the attributive position is only one of the three strategies for them to satisfy the requirement of information structure as well as the demand for Case.They may appear in three syntactic positions:(a)adverbial position,and get their Cases from prepositions;(b)object position,and get Cases from verbs;and(c)attributive of objects,and get Cases through agreement.The last one is what we call adverbial-originated attributives.The paper shows that information structure plays a crucial role in the derivation of adverbial-originated attributives and that the two kinds of them are essentially akin in the respect that they are both the result of the interaction between information structure and syntax,with the former providing the motivation and the latter the syntactic devices.

关 键 词：状语定化 形义错配 信息结构 格 题元角色 语义放行 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]