沙漠边缘脆弱区土地利用变化及其生态环境效应:以毛乌素沙漠南缘盐池县为例  

Land use change and its eco-environmental effects on vulnerable desert margin areas:A case study from Yanchi County in Ningxia

作　　者：刘淑琴 白存琳 边振 安天宇 夏朝宗[4] 侯瑞萍[4] 陈健[4] 张明 张克斌[1] LIU Shuqin;BAI Cunlin;BIAN Zhen;AN Tianyu;XIA Chaozong;HOU Ruiping;CHEN Jian;ZHANG Ming;ZHANG Kebin(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Ningxia Habahu National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau,Yanchi 751500,Ningxia,China;School of Water Conservancy and Environment,University of Jinan,Ji'nan 250022,Shandong,China;Academy of Forestry Investigation and Planning,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]宁夏哈巴湖国家级自然保护区管理局,宁夏盐池751500 [3]济南大学水利与环境学院,山东济南250022 [4]国家林业局调查规划设计院,北京100013

出　　处：《草业科学》2020年第11期2175-2184,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30771764、2016YFC0500908);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“多源遥感信息融合的宁夏东部湿地演变规律研究(31400619)”;高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项(民用部分)高分林业遥感应用示范系统二期(21-Y30B02-9001-19/22)。

摘　　要：以盐池县2000年、2010年和2017年Landsat遥感影像为源数据,借助ENVI、ArcGIS等软件,对盐池县2000年以来土地利用变化格局及其生态环境质量进行定量分析。结果表明:2000-2017年,盐池县草地、未利用地和耕地的分布比例呈下降趋势,林地(以灌木为主)和建设用地则持续增加。土地利用变化以林地、草地、耕地和未利用地之间的转化较频繁,且大多分布在盐池县东北部。土地利用结构指数表明,盐池县土地利用系统的有序性和稳定性不断增强,尤其受干扰活动大的区域,其稳定性强于受干扰弱的区域。生态环境质量呈好转和恶化两个方向,但以好转为主导发展趋势;不同的乡(镇)表现出明显地区分异特征。导致生态环境变化的主导因素是政府政策的影响,包括退耕还林还草和防沙治沙政策的实施(2000年)、哈巴湖保护区的建设(2006年)以及禁牧(2002年)等活动,使大量未利用地转为环境质量指数更高的草地和林地,其中前两者对研究区生态环境好转的贡献率高达65%。Based on Landsat remote sensing images from 2000,2010,and 2017,this study quantitatively analyzed the land use change pattern and ecological environment quality of Yanchi County from 2000,using ENVI,ArcGIS,and other software.The results showed that grassland area,unused land,and cultivated land in Yanchi County shrunk,while forest land(mainly shrubs)and construction land continued to increase from 2000 to 2017.Land use change was frequent between woodland,grassland,cultivated land,and unused land,and most of them were distributed in the northeast of the region.The index of land use structure showed that the orderliness and stability of the land use system in Yanchi County increased,especially in large disturbed areas,and its stability was stronger than that in weakly disturbed areas.The environmental quality showed two main directions:improvement and deterioration,with improvement being the dominant trend;different townships(towns)showed obvious regional differentiation characteristics.The main factors leading to changes in the ecological environment were government policies,including the implementation of the policy of returning farmland to forestry and grassland,sand control and desertification control(2000),the construction of Haba Lake Reserve(2006),and the prohibition of grazing(2002).A large number of unused lands had been converted to grassland and woodland with a higher environmental quality index,which contributed to the improvement of the environment in the study area to as high as 6.5%.

关 键 词：Landsat TM 土地利用类型 土地利用结构 土地利用功能转移 生态环境质量 盐池县 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]