硬度对橡胶力学特性与悬架衬套刚度的影响  

Effect of Hardness on Rubber Mechanical Properties and Suspension Bushing Stiffness

作　　者：陈宝 张鑫 代正莉 马万力 付江华 陈哲明 CHEN Bao;ZHANG Xin;DAI Zhengli;MA Wanli;FU Jianghua;CHEN Zheming(Department of Vehicle Engineering,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054,China;Chongqing Tiema Industries Group Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400050,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆理工大学车辆工程学院,重庆400054 [2]重庆铁马工业集团有限公司,重庆400050

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2020年第6期222-227,249,共7页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：重庆市科委基础研究与前沿探索专项资助项目(cstc2018jcyjAX0109);2018年研究生导师团队资助项目(渝教研发[2018]6号);重庆市教委科学技术研究资助项目(KJZD-K201803201)。

摘　　要：橡胶材料的力学特性通常具有较强非线性。基于Mooney-Rivlin等5种本构模型,通过将52 HS、56 HS、61 HS 3种邵氏硬度的橡胶样件进行拉伸台架试验与仿真试验对比确定更优本构模型;进一步对采用3种硬度橡胶的悬架橡胶衬套进行静刚度试验与仿真模拟,对比力-位移结果曲线后发现Yeoh本构模型所对应的仿真曲线更接近试验结果;其中,硬度从52 HS变化到56 HS时样件伸长率仅减小0.67%,衬套径、轴向刚度变化率为9.1%和9.5%;而从56 HS变化到61 HS时样件伸长率减小18.37%,衬套径、轴向刚度变化率为43.3%和30.3%。研究结果表明橡胶样件伸长率和衬套静刚度与硬度之间呈较强非线性,且当硬度>56 HS时,橡胶样件力学特性参数和橡胶衬套的静刚度均有较大变化,这对考虑橡胶衬套对整车性能影响与匹配优化研究有重要参考价值。Mechanical properties of rubber materials usually have strong nonlinearity.Based on Mooney-Rivlin and the other five constitutive models,three rubber samples with a Shore hardness of 52 HS,56 HS,and 61 HS were tested in the tensile bench and the results are compared with those of simulation.After the comparison,a more optimal constitutive model was determined.On this basis,three kinds of suspension rubber bushes were further used for static stiffness test and simulation.The simulated force-displacement curve and the measured force-displacement curve were compared.It was found that the simulation curve of Yeoh constitutive model is closer to the test.Among them,when the hardness varies from 52 HS to 56 HS,the elongation of the sample is only reduced by 0.67%,and the change rate of the bush diameter and axial stiffness are respectively 9.1%and 9.5%;While from 56 HS to 61 HS,the elongation of the sample decreases by 18.37%,and the change rate of the bush diameter and axial stiffness are respectively 43.3%and 30.3%.The research results show that there are strong nonlinearities between the rubber sample elongation and the static stiffness of the bush,and between the rubber sample elongation and the hardness.When the hardness is greater than 56 HS,the mechanical properties of the rubber sample and the static stiffness of the rubber bush are found to have large changes.This finding has an important reference value for the research of rubber bushing influence on the entire vehicle performance and matching optimization.

关 键 词：振动与波 悬架橡胶衬套 邵氏硬度 本构模型 力学/刚度特性分析 刚度变化率 

分 类 号：TH703.63[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]