汉语会话互动中的话题结构  

Topic Construction in Natural Spoken Chinese

作　　者：姚双云[1] 刘红原 Yao Shuangyun;Liu Hongyuan

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心,武汉430079

出　　处：《当代修辞学》2020年第6期62-77,共16页Contemporary Rhetoric

摘　　要：本文基于自然口语语料考察汉语会话互动中的话题结构。研究表明:会话中的话题结构可分为独陈型、合作型和竞争型三类。话题结构在会话分布中表现出话题TCU起始位置分布的复杂性、述题跨话轮的延伸性和话题结构话轮构建的完备性三个特点,它们具有构建言谈框架、提高新信息接受度和控制会话进程的互动功能。会话中话题结构的实现,须遵循信息完整、认知可及和语境顺应三个原则,而凸显话语所指和促进信息流动是其产生的根本动因。This paper explores the topic constructions in conversation based on natural spoken Chinese data. It finds that there are three types of topic constructions( henceforth,TC),w hich are,the single party building TC,the cooperatively building TC and the competitively building TC. The topic construction presents three features in regard to its placement: the complexity of the topic’s TCU-initial-position placing,the extendability of the turncrossing comment,as w ell as the completeness of the topic construction w ithin a turn,w hich exerts interactional functions of constructing a speech framew ork,enhancing the acceptability of new information and holding the turn.The realization of topic construction must conform to three principles—information integrity,cognitive accessibility and contextual adaptation. And highlighting discourse referents and promoting the flow of information are the fundamental motivations for the generation of topic construction.

关 键 词：自然口语 话题结构 互动功能 交际动因 

分 类 号：H15[语言文字—汉语]