论中国少数民族宪法权利保障的类型化--基于“基本权利-国家义务”的分析框架  

The Typification of Constitutional Rights Guarantee for Ethnic Minorities in China--An Analytical Framework on the Basis of Fundamental Rights State-Obligations

作　　者：邓炜辉[1,2] DENG Weihui(Sichuan University,Chengdu 610207,China;Guangxi University for Nationalities,Nanning 530006,Chnia)

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院 [2]广西民族大学法学院,广西南宁530006

出　　处：《广西民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第5期198-204,共7页JOURNAL OF GUANGXI MINZU UNIVERSITY:PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“改革开放40年民族自治地方立法实证调查与评价研究”(项目编号:19CMZ001);国家民族事务委员会民族问题研究项目“类型化保障少数民族宪法权利的国家义务研究”(项目编号:2014-GM-067)。

摘　　要：中国民族概念同时兼顾文化性和政治性双重特征。受该双重特征影响,中国少数民族宪法权利具有群体和个体双重面向。不同少数民族宪法权利类型,折射的自由和平等价值属性各有侧重。受此影响,虽然国家是少数民族宪法权利保障的主要和核心义务主体,其国家义务同时包括尊重和保障两个维度,但它们在义务履行方式的侧重点方面则存在明显区别。受宪法“客观秩序价值”功能的影响,国家对少数民族积极层面的保障义务更多的是依赖于政治和立法决策的“宪法委托”效力方式实现,对于少数民族公民社会经济权利的保障,只有在个别特殊情形下,才会涉及保障义务从客观法向公民主观权利方向转变。The concept of"ethnic group"in China bears duality of both cultural and political characteristics,which attributes both collective and individual orientations to the constitutional rights for Chinese ethnic minorities.Different types of constitutional rights for ethnic minorities reflect different values of freedom and equality.In this context,the state is the main and core subject of obligation guaranteed by the constitutional rights for ethnic minorities,its state obligations have two dimensions of respect and protection at the same time;however,these two dimensions are obviously different in the emphasized way of obligation performance.Influenced by the constitutional function of "value of objective order",the state’s obligation to guarantee the rights of ethnic minorities at the positive level depends more on the effective way of "constitutional delegation" in political and legislative decision-making.As for the social and economic rights guarantee of citizens of ethnic origins,only under special circumstances can the guarantee obligation transit from the objective law to the subjective rights of citizens.

关 键 词：少数民族 宪法权利 国家义务 类型化 

分 类 号：D901[政治法律—法学理论]