论乾嘉学风与志怪“小说”——以《阅微草堂笔记》为线索  

Discussing Study Style in Qian and Jia Periods of the Qing Dynasty and Chih Kuai Novels: Taking Yue Wei Cao Tang Bi Ji as a Clue

作　　者：王昕[1] WANG Xin

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2020年第5期120-132,164,共14页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(19YJA751039)。

摘　　要：清代乾嘉学术兴盛之时,以《阅微草堂笔记》为代表的志怪小说创作也颇为繁荣。纪昀以粗陈梗概的叙事,将神怪叙事传统置于考据学风之中,形成了立说、辨证、旁究物理的所谓"著书者之笔"。受乾嘉学风的影响,《阅微草堂笔记》以治学问法而志怪,主要表现在三个方面:一是以著文的手段写志怪小说。大量寓言的运用,即以议论统摄故事的"著文法"。二是议论兼叙事。笔记突出了小说的个人见闻性质,降低了神怪故事的重要性和艺术价值。三是以神怪故事为事例,辨证立说的"道问学"精神。乾嘉之学重考据和"道问学"之精神,推动了《阅微草堂笔记》志怪与文人笔记的融合,由此产生了一部"子部小说"压卷之作,并为当代笔记小说的创作提供了借鉴。At the time of academic prosperity in Qian and Jia Periods of the Qing Dynasty,the composition of chih kuai(志怪)novels,exemplified by Yue Wei Cao Tang Bi Ji(阅微草堂笔记),became flourishing.With a sketched narration,Ji Yun made supernatural narration a tradition in the academic style of textual research,and brought into being what was known as the"style of writers",consisting mainly of setting up theories,differentiating and exploring the law of things.Under the influence of Qian-Jia study style,Ji Yun wrote chih kuai novels in serious academic ways:First,he wrote chih kuai novels in the way of essay writing.Many a fable was cited in his argumentation,which turned to be a backbone of an essay,and this is what he named as way of essay writing;Second is argumentation mingled with narration.Yue Wei Cao Tang Bi Ji focused on personal experiences in a novel,thus diminishing the importance and artistic value of a supernatural story;And third,his supernatural stories made clear the spirit of"Truth Seeking"in differentiating theories.It was textual research and truth seeking in Qian-Jia style that helped unite chih-kuai novels with scholars notes in Yue Wei Cao Tang Bi Ji,ushering into a last and the most important volume of"Philosophical Branch Works"and providing a frame of reference for the writing of contemporary sketchbooks.

关 键 词：《阅微草堂笔记》 乾嘉学风 志怪 

分 类 号：I207.41[文学—中国文学] K249.3[历史地理—历史学]