我国民事审判程序违法救济之初步检讨  

Review on the Relief of Illegal Civil Trial Procedures in China

作　　者：占善刚[1,2,3] 张博 Zhan Shangang;Zhang Bo

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所、法学院 [2]武汉大学法学院诉讼法教研室 [3]国家“2011计划”司法文明协同创新中心 [4]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2020年第4期98-109,共12页NanJing University Law Journal

基　　金：2017年国家社科基金项目“审判程序违法的类型化处理研究”(17BFX053)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在民事诉讼中,审判程序违法之救济乃裁判正当性的保障。我国现行《民事诉讼法》关于审判程序违法救济的规定存在诸多缺漏,主要表现为一审程序中程序违法救济的规则缺位、二审程序中“严重违反法定程序”的界定不明、再审程序中申请事由与发回重审之事由混同。上述问题产生的根本原因在于立法者修订法律时未对审判程序违法救济制度作体系化思考。在我国实行两审终审制的背景下,借鉴大陆法系的制度设计建立程序异议权,依托发回重审的制度本旨,统一“严重违反法定程序”的界限,参照发达国家设置的再审事由严格限定我国申请再审的程序违法事由,是完善我国民事审判程序违法救济制度的应然路径。In civil litigation,the remedy of trial proceedings is the guarantee of the legitimacy of adjudication.There are many shortcomings in the current Civil Procedure Law of the People s Republic of China on the remedies of procedural violations.There are three main demonstrations:the absence of rules for remedies of procedural violations in Ordinary Procedure of First Instance;the definition of“serious violations of legal procedures”in Procedure of Second Instance is not clear;and the reason of application for the retrial procedure is mixed with the matter of sending back for retrial.The fundamental reason is that the legislator did not systematically think about the relief system of the illegal trial procedure when the law was amended.Under the background of the implementation of the two-trial final review system in China,the system design of the civil law system is used to establish the right of procedure dissent,and the definition of“serious violations of legal procedures”is based on the principle of the repatriation system,and the reason of application for retrial procedure is strictly limited by the retrial of the extraterritorial system.Above all,it is a proper way to improve the illegal relief system of civil trial procedures in China.

关 键 词：程序违法 严重违反法定程序 程序异议权 发回重审 再审事由 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]