我国“996”工作模式的形成原因及治理——基于马克思工作日理论的分析  

The Causes and Governance of"996"Working Mode in China——An Analysis Based on Marx's Working Day Theory

作　　者：刘志国[1] 栾瑞华 LIU Zhi-guo;LUAN Rui-hua

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《经济论坛》2020年第11期137-146,共10页Economic Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中等收入群体的变化趋势、社会功能与培育路径研究”(18JBL122)。

摘　　要：近年来,我国劳动者权益保障事件频发,尤其是有些企业实行“996”工作模式,超长的劳动时间在全社会引发了广泛讨论。马克思在《资本论》中对工作日问题曾有过详尽的剖析,认为工作日上存在劳资双方的“权利冲突”,劳资双方的力量对比是影响劳动时间的关键因素。在我国,“996”工作模式的存在有其深层原因和现实基础,在多种所有制共同发展的背景下,劳动生产率水平相对低下、劳动力市场长期供求失衡和工人组织化程度低共同削弱了劳动者在工作日问题上的议价能力。“996”工作模式严重损害了劳动者身心健康,侵害了劳动者权益,因此政府、企业、社会等各方应当共同努力,消除“996”工作模式形成的现实土壤。In recent years,China's labor rights protection incidents have occurred frequently,especially some companies implement the"996"working mode,and the excessively long working hours have caused widespread discussions in society.Marx had a detailed analysis of the working day issue in The Capital,arguing that there was a“conflict of rights”between labor and capital on the working day,and the comparison of the power between the labor and capital was the key factor affecting working time.In China,the existence of the"996"working mode has its deep causes and realistic foundations.Under the background of the common development of multiple ownership systems,the relatively low level of labor productivity,the long-term imbalance between supply and demand in the labor market,and the low degree of organization of workers have jointly weakened labors'bargaining power over working day issues.The"996"working mode seriously damages the physical and mental health of workers and infringes on workers'rights and interests.Therefore,the government,enterprises,society and other parties should work together to eliminate the real soil formed by the"996"working mode.

关 键 词：工作日 劳资冲突 集体协商 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] A81[经济管理—国民经济]