不同栽培措施对土壤微观结构及水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Different Integrative Crop Managements on Soil Microstructure and Rice Yield

作　　者：袁莉民[1] 周天阳[1] 陈良 顾骏飞[1] 王志琴[1] 杨建昌[1] YUAN Limin;ZHOU Tianyang;CHEN Liang;GU Junfei;WANG Zhiqin;YANG Jianchang(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学农学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第10期1994-2002,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200107);国家973计划项目(2015CB150401);国家自然科学基金项目(31872853);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20181455)。

摘　　要：稻田土壤性状尤其是微观结构对于水稻根系生理性状、氮素吸收与利用和产量具有重要影响。为了研究不同栽培方式对于稻田土壤微观结构及水稻(Oryza sativa L.)产量的影响,于2019年在扬州大学农学院实验农场以武运粳24号为试验材料设置了氮空白区、当地农民习惯、综合栽培管理等共8种栽培措施,运用扫描电镜着重研究了开花期不同栽培措施下土壤颗粒的微观结构变化,同时测量了开花期水稻根系活力和根系吸收表面积、氮素利用效率、产量及构成因素等指标。结果表明,综合栽培管理能够使土壤大颗粒的数量变多,颗粒体积变大,提高了20-50μm和>50μm土壤颗粒数量的分布,减少了2-5μm和5-20μm土壤颗粒数量的分布,土壤团聚体蜂窝状结构变多,土壤中菌丝体数量变多。与当地农民习惯相比,综合栽培管理下的吸氮量提高了3.86%-24.27%,氮肥农学利用效率提高了26.97%-112.17%,氮肥生理利用效率提高了7.34%-45.51%,氮肥吸收利用效率提高了18.34%-45.82%,氮肥偏生产力提高了18.56%-51.51%,氮素谷物生产效率提高了1.75%-14.73%,开花期的根系活力与根系吸收表面积显著提高,增加了单位面积穗数和总颖花量,最终使得产量也显著提高。总体来看,综合栽培措施管理能够通过改善土壤颗粒微观结构,增加水稻根系生理活性,提高水稻的氮素利用效率,提高水稻产量。Paddy soil texture and microstructure have an important influence on the physiological properties of rice roots,nitrogen absorption and utilization,and grain yield.In order to study the effects of different cultivation methods on the soil microstructure of paddy fields and the yield of rice(Oryza sativa L.),a japonica‘super’rice cultivar Wuyunjing 24(W24)was grown in the field at a research farm of Yangzhou University during 2019.We set up eight treatments including zero N application(0 N),local farmers’practice(LFP),and integrative crop management practices.The scanning electron microscope(SEM)was used to study the microstructure changes of soil particles under different cultivation managements during the flowering period.At the same time,the rice root vigor and root absorption surface area,nitrogen use efficiency,yield and yield components were studied.The results of the study showed that integrated cultivation managements including optimizing the proportions of urea application,increasing planting density,reducing the amount of N inputs,alternate wetting and moderate soil drying,increasing application of organic fertilizer,increasing tillage depth,application of silicon and zinc fertilizer could increase the number of large soil particles,the volume of the soil particles,the distribution of the number of soil particles of 20−50μm and>50μm,reduced the distribution of the number of soil particles of 2‒5μm and 5−20μm,the honeycomb structure of soil aggregates increased,and the number of mycelium in the soil increased.Compared crop managements ICM 1–6 with local farmers’practice,the nitrogen absorption increased by 3.86%–24.27%,the agronomic N use efficiency increased by 26.97%–112.17%,the N physiological efficiency increased by 7.34%–45.51%,and the recovery efficiency of N increased by 18.34%-45.82%,the partial factor productivity of N increased by 18.56–51.51%,and the internal N use efficiencies increased by 1.75%–14.73%,respectively.The root oxidation activity and root absorption s

关 键 词：水稻 氮素 根系 土壤颗粒 微观结构 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] X171.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]