基于微波辐射计资料的济南污染条件下大气温、湿特征分析  

Analysis on Characteristics of Temperature and Humidity Profiles under Different Pollution Conditions in Ji’nan Based on Microwave Radiometer Data

作　　者：李恬 李怀刚[2] 栾兆鹏[3] 张永婧[1] 王洪 LI Tian;LI Huaigang;LUAN Zhaopeng;ZHANG Yongjing;WANG Hong(Ji’nan Meteorological Bureau,Ji’nan 250102,China;Shandong Provincial Meteorological Information Center,Ji’nan 250031,China;Tai’an Meteorological Bureau,Tai’an 271000,China;Shandong Provincial Weather Modification Office,Ji’nan 250031,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省济南市气象局,山东济南250102 [2]山东省气象信息中心,山东济南250031 [3]山东省泰安市气象局,山东泰安271000 [4]山东省人民政府人工影响天气办公室,山东济南250031

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第10期2045-2052,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：山东省气象局预报员专项项目(SDYBY2018-05);山东省气象局济南专项(sdjn2016-07)。

摘　　要：大气的垂直温、湿特征是污染气象的重点研究对象。为了探究不同污染天气下大气垂直温、湿的差异特征,利用QFW-6000型地基微波辐射计的济南一年观测资料,结合污染物观测数据,将不同首要污染物按照PM2.5和PM10划分,不同污染等级按照优-良(AQI<100),轻-中度污染(100≤AQI≤200)和重度污染(AQI>200)进行划分,分别对比分析以上两类污染条件下济南地区的平均温、湿垂直特征。结果表明:不同污染条件下的温、湿垂直差异主要集中在4-5 km以下尤其是边界层内,越靠近地面差异越显著;PM2.5为首要污染物时,近地面层的相对湿度比PM10为首要污染物时高约15%,温度比PM10为首要污染物时低3℃左右;重度污染天气条件下,相对湿度廓线的数值明显较大,5 km以下在50%-80%之间;边界层内温度垂直递减率可以一定程度上反应污染大气的稳定程度,其与空气污染指数AQI的大小呈显著负相关;不同污染条件下边界层内的温、湿廓线均具有明显的日变化特征,但在AQI大于200的重度污染天气下,边界层内温、湿廓线的日变化特征基本消失,即温度垂直递减率廓线和相对湿度廓线的日变化差异均不明显;不同污染条件下边界层内温、湿廓线均具有明显季节特征,即冬季重度污染天气和夏季空气质量较好时近地面相对湿度均较大,1.5 km以下平均相对湿度均大于60%。The vertical characteristics of temperature and humidity of atmosphere is the key research object of pollution meteorology.In order to explore the characteristics of the atmospheric vertical temperature and humidity under different pollution conditions,this paper first classifies the pollution weather according to the primary pollutants(PM2.5 and PM10)and pollution levels(AQI<100,100≤AQI≤200 and AQI>200),and then analyzes the vertical characteristics of temperature and humidity of Jinan area by using the QFW-6000 ground-based microwave radiometer data,combined with the observation data of pollutants.The results are as follows:under different pollution conditions,the difference of temperature and humidity is mainly concentrated below 4‒5 km of atmosphere especially in the boundary layer,and the closer to the ground,the more significant the difference is.When PM2.5 is the primary pollutant,the relative humidity is about 15%higher and the temperature is about 3℃less than that of PM10 in the lower atmosphere.The value of relative humidity profile is obviously large which between 50%and 80%below 5 km under the condition of severe pollution.The lapse rate of temperature within boundary layer can reflect the stability of polluted atmosphere to some extent,and it has a significant negative correlation with the AQI index.The profiles of temperature and relative humidity in the boundary layer have apparent diurnal variation characteristics under different pollution conditions,but the diurnal changes of the temperature and relative humidity profiles almost disappear in severe pollution weather which AQI greater than 200,that is,the daily variations of the profiles of lapse rates and the relative humidity are not apparent.The profiles of temperature and humidity in the boundary layer have apparent characteristics of seasonal variation under different pollution conditions,that is,the average humidity under 1.5 km is greater than 60%when AQI value is greater than 200 in winter and less than 100 in summer.

关 键 词：微波辐射计 温湿廓线 大气边界层 污染 济南 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]