氮磷钾用量对小麦冠层不同层次光截获和干物质分配的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Rates on Light Interception and Dry Matter Distribution at Different Layers in Wheat Canopy

作　　者：魏庆薪 于振文[1] 张永丽[1] 石玉[1] WEI Qingxin;YU Zhenwen;ZHANG Yongli;SHI Yu(Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2020年第11期1351-1356,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31771717);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016CM34);农业部现代小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-1-19)。

摘　　要：为明确不同氮、磷、钾用量对小麦冠层不同层次光截获和干物质分配的影响,以济麦22为供试材料,设置F0(不施肥)、F1(N180kg·hm^-2,P2O575kg·hm^-2,K2O60kg·hm^-2)、F2(N225kg·hm^-2,P2O5120kg·hm^-2,K2O105kg·hm^-2)和F3(N270kg·hm^-2,P2O5165kg·hm^-2,K2O105kg·hm^-2)4个施肥量处理,比较分析开花后不同氮、磷、钾用量对小麦叶面积指数、冠层不同层次光截获特性和成熟期干物质分配的影响。结果表明,F1处理下叶面积指数显著高于F0处理,而与F2和F3处理间无显著差异;开花后15d,F1处理下小麦冠层不同层次及总PAR截获率和截获量均显著高于F0处理,而与F2和F3处理间无显著差异。F1处理下成熟期干物质在小麦冠层不同层次营养器官中的分配量、籽粒中的分配量及总干物质积累量显著高于F0处理,而与F2和F3处理间无显著差异。成熟期干物质在小麦冠层不同层次营养器官和籽粒中的分配量以及总干物质积累量与冠层上层(顶部至株高2/3)、中层(株高2/3至株高1/3)和总PAR截获率均呈显著正相关。F1处理(N180kg·hm^-2,P2O575kg·hm^-2,K2O60kg·hm^-2)为本试验条件下的最优处理。In order to determine the effects of different nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilizer rates on light interception and dry matter distribution in different layers of wheat canopy,using Jimai 22 as the experimental material,four fertilizer treatments(F0:without fertilization;F1:N180 kg·hm^-2,P2O575 kg·hm^-2,K2O60 kg·hm^-2;F2:N225 kg·hm^-2,P2O5120 kg·hm^-2,K2O105 kg·hm^-2;F3:N270 kg·hm^-2,P 2O 5165 kg·hm^-2,K2O105 kg·hm^-2)were set up to compare and analyze the effects of different N,P and K fertilizer rates on wheat leaf area index(LAI),light interception at different layers of canopy after anthesis and dry matter distribution at maturity stage.The results showed that the LAI of F1 treatment was significantly higher than that of F0 treatment,but was not significantly different from that of F2 and F3 treatment.On the 15th day after flowering,all layers and total photosynthetic active radiation(PAR)interception rate and PAR interception amount of F1 treatment were significantly higher than those of F0 treatment,and the difference between F1 treatment and F2 or F3 treatment was not significant.At the maturity stage,the distribution amount of dry matter in the vegetative organs at all layers and grain of the plant,and the total dry matter accumulation under F1 treatment were significantly higher than those under F0 treatment,but were not significantly different from those under F2 and F3 treatments.The distribution amount of dry matter in different layers of canopy in vegetative organs and grains and the total dry matter accumulation were significantly positively correlated with PAR in upper layer(from top to 2/3 of the plant height),middle layer(from 2/3 to 1/3 of the plant height)and total PAR interception rates.The F1 treatment(N180 kg·hm^-2,P2O575 kg·hm^-2,K2O60 kg·hm^-2)was proposed to be used under the experimental conditions.

关 键 词：小麦 氮、磷、钾用量 冠层不同层次 光截获 干物质分配 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311