一株固氮菌的筛选、鉴定及混菌发酵制备复合型菌糠菌肥的研究  

Isolation,identification of a nitrogen-fixing bacterium and preparation of complex bio-fertilizer with spent mushroom substrate by mix fermenting

作　　者：李凌凌 陆雅琳[1] 汪汉正 周予西 左振宇 杨忠华 Li Lingling;Lu Yalin;Wang Hanzheng;Zhou Yuxi;Zuo Zhenyu;Yang Zhonghua(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China;Hubei Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials Key Laboratory, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学化学与化工学院,湖北武汉430081 [2]武汉科技大学煤转化与新型炭材料湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430081

出　　处：《武汉科技大学学报》2021年第1期34-42,共9页Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21376184);湖北省教育厅科学技术研究计划资助项目(D20191101);武汉科技大学青年科技骨干培育计划项目(2016XZ014);湖北省大学生创新创业训练计划(S201810488073,S201910488026).

摘　　要：为了利用固氮菌和溶磷微生物制备复合型菌糠菌肥,从辣椒根际处采集的土样中,根据Ashby无氮琼脂平板上的菌体长势,筛选出一株固氮菌YX。经形态学、生理生化特征和系统进化分析,确定菌株YX归属于嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)。YX菌固氮量可达28.27±2.4 mg/L,溶磷量可达750.53±8.2 mg/L,吲哚乙酸分泌量可达35.67±1.6μg/mL。盆栽实验结果表明,由固氮菌YX与溶磷菌两两混合发酵所制复合型菌肥对植物的促生作用明显优于单一型菌肥,其中以YX菌与溶磷真菌Talaromyces purpureogenus混合发酵的菌糠菌肥对植物的促生效果为最佳,施加该组复合型菌肥的辣椒苗,在生长12 d时的叶片数、叶片面积、株高、茎直径、根长和总干重增长量较阴性对照组相应值分别提高了466.67%、617.56%、134.07%、38.81%、195.84%和308.29%。In order to prepare complex bio-fertilizer with spent mushroom substrate by using nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorous-dissolving microorganisms,a strain of nitrogen-fixing bacterium named as YX was screened from soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of chili pepper according to bacterial growth on Ashby agar.The morphology,physiological and biochemical characteristics,phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA gene sequence show that strain YX falls into Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.The amount of nitrogen fixation,phosphorus dissolving capability and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)secretion of strain YX can reach 28.27±2.4 mg/L,750.53±8.2 mg/L and 35.67±1.6μg/mL,respectively.The pot experiment results show that the complex bio-fertilizers prepared by mix fermenting of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorous-dissolving microorganisms can enhance plant growth more significantly than the unitary bio-fertilizer,among which the bio-fertilizer prepared by co-inoculation of strain YX and phosphorous-dissolving fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus has the best growth-promotion effect,and by using this bio-fertilizer,the number of leaves,leaves areas,plant heights,stem diameters,root lengths and biomass growth of chili pepper with 12 days planting are increased by 466.67%,617.56%,134.07%,38.81%,195.84%and 308.29%,respectively,compared with negative control group.

关 键 词：固氮菌 溶磷微生物 嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌 菌糠 混菌发酵 微生物肥料 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]