芝麻不同生育阶段需水特性与干旱灌溉应用研究  

Study on Water Requirement Characteristics and Field Drought Irrigation Application of Sesame at Different Growth Stages

作　　者：汪强[1] 赵莉[1] 林勇翔[1] 张袆[1] 张银萍[1] WANG Qiang;ZHAO Li;LIN Yongxiang;ZHANG Yi;ZHANG Yinping(Crop Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei Anhui 230031)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2020年第23期1-6,共6页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家特色油料(芝麻)产业技术体系专项(CARS-14-1-26);安徽省农科院创新团队项目(2020YL013)。

摘　　要：为了探讨芝麻不同生育阶段需水特性与干旱灌溉水分生产效率,为芝麻高产栽培的合理灌溉和水分管理提供科学依据,2013—2018年在安徽、新疆等不同地域,选用6个芝麻主栽品种开展了芝麻不同生育阶段需水特性和灌溉水利用研究。结果表明:盆栽芝麻的全生育期蒸腾需水量平均为283.60 mm,品种间差异大,形成100 kg芝麻籽粒蒸腾需水量为263.56 mm,苗期、蕾期、初花期、盛花期、终花期、成熟期的蒸腾需水量分别为18.76、21.91、21.03、149.28、71.21、34.79 mm,蒸腾模系数分别为5.89%、7.21%、6.85%、47.07%、23.93%和9.05%;盛花期最大,出苗期最小。池栽芝麻全生育期需水量531.36 mm,其中株间蒸发量、蒸腾量分别占全生育期需水量的46.1%和53.9%;株间蒸发量最大的时期为苗期;蒸腾量最大的时期为花期。芝麻苗期、花期和成熟期需水模系数平均分别为18.65%、66.79%和14.56%。合肥基地出苗期、临泉基地花期遇旱喷灌,水分生产效率分别高达0.61 kg/m3和0.65 kg/m3;新疆精河基地按需滴灌处理较传统滴灌方式的水分生产效率提高43.28%,节水19.61%,这对水资源匮乏的新疆干旱区来说意义重大。芝麻需水量与栽培条件、品种、气温(r=0.99)等密切相关,在芝麻不同生育阶段遇旱灌溉是提高水分生产效率和产量的关键措施之一。The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of water requirement characteristics and field drought irrigation water production efficiency at different growth stages,and provide scientific basis for rational irrigation and water management of high-yield cultivation of sesame.Six main sesame varieties were selected to carry out the studies on water requirement characteristics and field drought irrigation application of sesame at different growth stages,from 2013 to 2018 in Anhui and Xinjiang.The results showed that the average transpiration water requirement of whole growth period of potted sesame was 283.60 mm,the water requirement varied greatly among the six cultivars,the transpiration water requirement was 263.56 mm for formation of 100 kg sesame seeds.In seedling stage,bud stage,initial bloom stage,full-bloom stage,final bloom stage and maturity stage,the transpiration water requirement was 18.76 mm,21.91 mm,21.03 mm,149.28 mm,71.21 mm and 34.79 mm,respectively,and the transpiration modulus coefficients was 5.89%,7.21%,6.85%,47.07%,23.93%and 9.05%,respectively.The transpiration water requirement was the largest in the flowering stage and the smallest in the seedling stage.The water requirement in the whole growth period of pond cultivated sesame was 531.36 mm,in which the inter plant evaporation and transpiration water requirement accounted for 46.1%and 53.9%of that in the whole growth period,respectively.The inter plant evaporation was the largest in seedling stage,and the transpiration was the largest in flowering stage.The transpiration modulus coefficients at seedling stage,flowering stage and mature stage were 18.65%,66.79%and 14.56%,respectively.Irrigating when drought at the seedling stage(in Hefei)and at the flowering stage(in Linquan),the water production efficiency was 0.61 kg/m3 and 0.65 kg/m3,respectively.In Jinghe,Xinjiang,the water production efficiency of the drip irrigation according to the law of water requirement was 43.28%higher than that of traditional drip irrigation(CK),the water

关 键 词：芝麻 蒸腾需水量 株间蒸发量 干旱灌溉 水分生产效率 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]