夏季补饲半胱胺和烟酸铬对水牛泌乳性能、抗氧化性能、瘤胃发酵参数和微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of Supplemental Feeding of Cysteamine and Chromium Nicotinate on Lactation Performance,Antioxidant Performance,Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbial Diversity of Buffalo in Summer

作　　者：张会会 李孟伟[1] 唐振华[1] 梁辛[1] 彭丽娟 彭开屏 王新峰[2] 杨承剑[1] ZHANG Huihui;LI Mengwei;TANG Zhenhua;LIANG Xin;PENG Lijuan;PENG Kaiping;WANG Xinfeng;YANG Chengjian(Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Guangxi),Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530001,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院广西水牛研究所,农业农村部(广西)水牛遗传繁育重点实验室,南宁530001 [2]石河子大学动物科技学院,石河子832000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2020年第12期5760-5777,共18页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0501602,2016YFD0500507);国家自然科学基金项目(31360558)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究夏季补饲半胱胺和烟酸铬对水牛泌乳性能、抗氧化性能、瘤胃发酵参数和微生物多样性的影响。选取体重[(615±21)kg]、胎次(3~5胎)和产奶量(5~6 kg/d)相近的健康泌乳中期尼里-拉菲奶水牛20头,采用单因素随机区组设计分为4组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组),每组5头。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组为试验组,其中Ⅱ组饲喂基础饲粮+22.5 g/(d·头)半胱胺,Ⅲ组饲喂基础饲粮+24 mg/(d·头)铬(烟酸铬形式,下同),Ⅳ组饲喂基础饲粮+22.5 g/(d·头)半胱胺+24 mg/(d·头)铬。试验在2019年7—8月开展,预试期1周,正试期4周。结果显示:1)补饲烟酸铬和半胱胺对水牛体表温度和呼吸频率均无显著影响(P>0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅳ组的直肠温度显著降低(P<0.05)。2)Ⅰ组的干物质采食量显著低于Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组的粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。3)Ⅳ组的产奶量显著高于其他组(P<0.05);Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组的4%乳脂校正乳产量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05);Ⅲ组的乳蛋白率显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05);Ⅲ组的乳总固形物含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组瘤胃液乙酸含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组瘤胃液丙酸、异丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸和微生物蛋白含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);各组瘤胃液丁酸、氨态氮、异戊酸含量以及pH、乙酸/丙酸差异不显著(P>0.05)。5)Ⅳ组乳中C12∶0、C14∶0、C16∶0、C18∶2(顺-9,反-11)、C20∶3n3含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组乳中C16∶0含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。6)各组间血清过氧化氢酶、总超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组血清丙二醛含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),总抗氧化能力显著低于Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组血清生长激素含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅲ组血清雌二醇含量显著高于Ⅰ组和The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of supplemental feeding of cysteamine and chromium nicotinate lactation performance,antioxidant performance,rumen fermentation parameters and microbial diversity of buffalo in summer.A single-factor randomized block design was used in this experiment.Twenty healthy Nile-Rafi milk buffaloes with similar body weight[(615±21)kg],parity(3 to 5 parities)and milk yield(5 to 6 kg/d)were selected and divided into 4 groups(groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣ)with 5 buffaloes in each group.GroupⅠwas the control group,and buffaloes in the groupⅠwere fed a basal diet.GroupsⅡ,ⅢandⅣwere test groups,and buffaloes in the groupsⅡ,ⅢandⅣwere fed the basal diet+22.5 g/(d·head)cysteamine,the basal diet+24 mg/(d·head)chromium(chromium nicotinate form,the same below)and the basic diet+22.5 g/(d·head)cysteamine+24 mg/(d·head)chromium,respectively.The experiment was carried from June to August of 2019.The pre-feeding period was 1 week and the test period was 4 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)supplemental feeding of chromium nicotinate and cysteamine had no significant effects on the surface temperature and respiratory rate of buffalo(P>0.05).Compared with groupⅠ,the rectal temperature of groupⅣdecreased significantly(P<0.05).2)The dry matter intake of groupⅠwas significantly lower than that of groupsⅡandⅣ(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of groupⅣwas significantly higher than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05).3)The milk yield of groupⅣwas significantly higher than that of groupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢ(P<0.05).The yield of 4%fat corrected milk(FCM)of groupsⅢandⅣwas significantly higher than that of groupsⅠandⅡ(P<0.05).The milk protein rate of groupⅢwas significantly higher than that of groupsⅠandⅣ(P<0.05).The milk total solid content of groupⅢwas significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).4)The content of acetate in rumen fluid of groupsⅡandⅢwas significantly higher than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05).

关 键 词：烟酸铬 半胱胺 泌乳性能 抗氧化性能 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]