县域教育城镇化的发展路径与政治风险  

Development Politics and Stratum Politics in County Education Urbanization

作　　者：雷望红 Lei Wanghong

机构地区：[1]中南大学公共管理学院 [2]武汉大学中国乡村治理研究中心

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2020年第12期162-171,共10页

基　　金：2018—2019年度“清华大学农村研究院博士生论文奖学金”资金资助;2020年国家社科基金青年项目“产业转移背景下中西部地区县域治理能力现代化研究”(项目编号:20CSH002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前,我国社会兴起了一股教育城镇化的浪潮,即农村学生向城镇学校涌入,中西部地区的县城成为乡村学生聚集的主要场域。县域范围内的教育城镇化实际上是县级政府主动为之的结果,在两次税改之后,县级政府维持着“吃饭财政”,却要承担自上而下的行政事务和本级地区经济发展的双重责任。在多重任务和财政约束下,县级政府产生了教育城镇化的动力,即通过强化县城学校建设,吸引农村学生进城就读,进而推动农村家庭进城买房,以此盘活土地财政和地区发展。然而,县级政府主导下的教育城镇化将遭遇三重政治考验:一是地区发展政治的考验,二是社会阶层政治的考验,三是央地目标错位的政治风险。县级政府主导下的教育发展承载了地区经济发展的诉求,从而异化了国家教育政策发展的目标。At present,there is a wave of education urbanization in our society,which rural students are pouring into urban schools,and county towns in the central and western regions have become the main field for rural students to gather.The urbanization of education within the county is actually the result of the initiative of the county government.After the two tax reforms,the county government maintained the“meal finance”,but it has to undertake double responsibility for top-down administrative affairs and local areas economic development.Under the multiple tasks and financial constraints,the county government has generated an impetus for educational urbanization by strengthening the construction of county schools,attracting rural students to study in cities,and promoting rural families to buy houses in cities,in order to revitalize land finance and regional development.However,the urbanization of education under the leadership of the county government will encounter three political tests:one is the test of regional development politics,the other is the test of social class politics,the third is the political risk of dislocation of the central goal.The education development under the leadership of the county government bears the demands of regional economic development,thus alienating the goal of national education policy development.

关 键 词：教育城镇化 城乡教育 县域发展 阶层政治 

分 类 号：C913.4[经济管理]