中小学校园欺凌行为的成因与对策——基于“权力欲”的分析视角  

Causes and Countermeasures of School Bully in Primary and Secondary Schools:Based on the Analytical Perspective of"Power Desire"

作　　者：贾勇宏[1] 代雪伟 JIA Yong-hong;DAI Xue-wei(School of Law and Humanities and Social Sciences,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学法学与人文社会学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《徐州工程学院学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期102-108,共7页Journal of Xuzhou Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(教育学)2015年度青年课题“学生违纪惩戒的法治化研究”(CAA150126)的阶段性成果;武汉理工大学2020年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金自主创新基金重点课题“童年留守经历对农村籍大学生学业发展成就的影响研究”(2020VI048)成果。

摘　　要：权力作为一种追求欲求的工具,也存在于未成年学生的日常生活中,并通常与暴力等非正常手段密切联系在一起。当个人的一些欲求不能通过正当渠道获得满足时,受权力崇拜等社会多种因素的诱导和刺激,部分学生就会模仿成人世界的“强权逻辑”尝试使用个体在生理、心理、信息等方面的优势来树立自己支配他人的权威,并通过控制他人来获取自己在物质或心理上的欲求满足感。从“权力欲”的视角看,校园欺凌是未成年学生谋求支配地位并彰显对他人控制能力的不当手段。根据权力在校园欺凌中的参与状况,可以将校园欺凌划分为仗势欺人型、滥用权力型、追求权力型和暴力强权型。校园欺凌的发生是“权力欲”动机与外部诱导机制多因素共同作用的结果,其成因可归结为欺凌者的“权力异化”、教师的姑息导致欺凌恶化、欺凌者同伴关系的强化、不良家庭教育的催化。防治校园欺凌就要弱化学生的“权力欲”、教师介入抑制学生的权力、构建友善互助的同伴关系、进行正确的家庭教育引导。Power,as a tool for pursuing desire,also exists in the daily life of underage students,and is usually closely related to abnormal means such as violence.When some personal desires cannot be satisfied through proper channels,some students will imitate the"power logic"of the adult world and try to use their advantages in physiology,psychology and information to establish their authority to control others,and gain their satisfaction in material or psychological desires by controlling others.From the perspective of"desire for power",school bullying is an improper means for underage students to seek dominance and show their ability to control others.According to the participation of power in school bullying,school bullying can be divided into bullying,abusing power,pursuing power and violent power.The occurrence of school bullying is the result of the interaction of"power desire"motivation and external inducement mechanism,and its causes can be attributed to the"alienation"of power by bullies,the deterioration of teachers'tolerance,the strengthening of peer relationship and the catalysis of inappropriate family education.To prevent school bullying,it is necessary to weaken students'"desire for power",restrain students'power by teachers'intervention,build friendly peer relationship and give correct family guidance.

关 键 词：校园欺凌 “权力欲” 欺凌者 中小学 成因 对策 

分 类 号：G47[文化科学—教育学]