贵州某农村贫困地区中小学生早餐现状及影响因素  

Breakfast consumption and influencing factors of primary and middle school students in rural poor areas of Guizhou Province

作　　者：刘应洁 梁一 周慧敏 王士然 赵勇[4] 杨大刚 LIU Yingjie;LIANG Yi;ZHOU Huimin;WANG Shiran;ZHAO Yong;YANG Dagang(School of Public Health,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang(550004),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学公共卫生学院,贵阳550004 [2]贵州医科大学附属医院临床营养科 [3]贵州省骨科医院营养科 [4]重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第11期1631-1634,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：贵州大健康产业研究基金资助项目(gzwjkj2018-1-102)。

摘　　要：目的了解贵州省农村贫困地区中小学生早餐现状及影响因素,为开展儿童营养教育及制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,于2019年4—6月对贵州省某市3所小学和3所中学2833名学生进行早餐行为与影响因素问卷调查。结果中小学生早餐食用频率最高的是谷薯类(71.66%),其次为新鲜蔬菜(45.89%)、奶类(35.55%)、肉/蛋/鱼类(29.33%)、豆类(19.52%)、新鲜水果(18.74%)。中小学生能每天吃早餐的比例为62.97%,每周吃4~6次早餐的为22.80%,≤3次的为14.23%,男生每天都吃早餐的比例(65.07%)高于女生(61.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=10.01,P<0.05)。早餐营养差的比例达71.87%,女生(73.68%)高于男生(69.94%)(χ^2=9.29,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,学段、是否住校、睡眠质量均是每天吃早餐的影响因素;学段、是否住校是早餐质量的影响因素(P值均<0.05)。结论贵州省某市农村贫困地区中小学生每天吃早餐的比例较低,早餐营养质量差。应对学生、家长、老师开展营养知识教育,促使学生养成健康的饮食和睡眠生活习惯,改善学生健康状况。Objective To understand the current situation of breakfast consumption and its influencing factors in primary and middle school students in a poor rural area in a city in Guizhou Province,and to provide scientific basis for child nutrition education and intervention.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of breakfast behavior and influencing factors among 2833 students from 3 primary schools and 3 middle schools in a area of Guizhou Province from April to June 2019.Results The most frequently consumed breakfast was rice noodle products(71.66%),followed by fresh vegetables(45.89%),milk(35.55%),meat/egg/fish(29.33%),beans(19.52%),and fresh fruits(18.74%).The proportion of having breakfast everyday among elementary and middle school students who was 62.97%,and having breakfast 4-6 days peer week was22.80%,and 14.23% with≤3 days peer week,and the proportion of boys who ate breakfast every day(65.07%)was higher than girls(61.00%)(χ^2=10.01,P<0.05).The proportion of low quality breakfast was 71.87%,and girls(73.68%)were higher than boys(69.94%)(χ^2=9.29,P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that grade of school,boarding school,and sleep quality are all influencing factors for whether to eat breakfast every day;grade of school,whether to stay at school were factors that affect breakfast quality(P<0.05).Conclusion The frequency and quality of breakfast need more improvement among middle and primary school students in a poor rural area of a city in Guizhou Province.Students,parents,and teachers should be educated on nutrition to promote healthy eating and sleeping habits and improve student health.

关 键 词：饮食习惯 回归分析 贫困区 农村人口 学生 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R153.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]