广州市2004—2013学年中小学生营养不良双重负担流行状况  

Prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou in the 2004-2013 academic year

作　　者：麦锦城 MAI Jincheng(Guangzhou Primary and Secondary School Health Promotion Center,Guangzhou(510180),China)

机构地区：[1]广东省广州市中小学卫生健康促进中心,510180

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2020年第11期1635-1637,1642,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的回顾分析2004—2013学年期间广州市中小学生营养不良双重负担的流行状况,为制定干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用目的抽样方法,在广州市8个城区共抽取48所中小学校,按照《全国学生体质与健康调研检测细则》,采集学生身高和体重并计算体质量指数(BMI),采用《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》进行生长迟缓和消瘦、超重与肥胖的筛查。按性别和年龄统计生长迟缓、消瘦、超重和肥胖的检出率;采用趋势χ^2检验对各项指标检出率进行线性趋势检验;采用简单序时平均数法计算年增长率。结果广州市6~18岁学生营养不足检出率从2004学年的16.74%(12985/77491)下降至2013学年的10.69%(8431/78901),平均年增长率为-4.76%;其中男生营养不足检出率从17.98%(7011/39004)下降至11.47%(4638/40427),女生从15.52%(5974/38487)下降至9.86%(3793/38474);超重肥胖检出率从2004学年的13.92%(10790/77491)上升至20.26%(15987/78901),平均年增长率为4.35%;男生超重肥胖检出率从17.26%(6733/39004)上升至25.85%(10452/40427),女生从10.54%(4057/38497)上升至14.39%(5535/38474)。结论广州市已跨进中小学生营养不良双重负担流行的城市之列。Objective To review the prevalence of double burden of malnutrition among primary and middle school students in Guangzhou during the school year 2004-2013,and to provide reference for nutrition intervention measures.Methods A total of 48 primary and secondary schools were selected by purposeful sampling in eight urban areas of Guangzhou.Data on height and weight of students were collected and BMI were calculated in accordance with the National Manual for Physical Fitness and Health Research and Testing.Screening Standard for Malnutrition of Chinese School-age Children Adolescents to assess growth retardation and wasting.Using Screening for Overweight and Obesity among Chinese School-age Children Adolescents to assess overweight and obesity.The rates of growth retardation,wasting,overweight,obesity were calculated by sex and age groups;Differences among groups were analyzed by using χ^2 tests;The annual growth rate is calculated by using the simple sequence time average method.Results The prevalence of undernutrition among young students aged 6-18 in Guangzhou decreased from 16.74%(12985/77491)in 2004 to 10.69%(8431/78901)in 2013,with an average annual growth rate of-4.76%;The prevalence of male malnutrition decreased from 17.98%(7011/39004)to 11.47%(4638/40427);The prevalence of girls malnutrition decreased from 15.52%(5974/38487)to 9.86%(3793/38474).The detection rate of overweight and obesity increased from 13.92%(10790/77491)in 2004 to 20.26%(15987/78901),with an average annual growth rate of 4.35%.The detection rate of overweight obesity in boys increased from 17.26%(6733/39004)to 25.85%(10452/40427).The detection rate of overweight and obesity in girls increased from 10.54%(4057/38497)to 14.39%(5535/38474).Conclusion Guangzhou has stepped into one of the cities with double burden of malnutrition.

关 键 词：营养不良 超重 肥胖症 人体质量指数 学生 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R153.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]