饲料和化肥养分匹配对藕田克氏原螯虾生长特性与品质的影响  

Effects of feed and fertilizer nutrient matching on growth characteristics and quality of crayfish

作　　者：寇祥明[1] 王桂良[1] 张家宏[1] 王守红[1] 韩光明[1] 吴雷明 徐荣[1] 唐鹤军 朱凌宇[1] 毕建花[1] Kou Xiangming;Wang Guiliang;Zhang Jiahong;Wang Shouhong;Han Guangming;Wu Leiming;Xu Rong;Tang Hejun;Zhu Lingyu;Bi Jianhua(Agricultural Science Institute of Jiangsu Lixiahe District,Yangzhou 225007,China;Yangzhou Aquatic Product Technology Promotion Department,Yangzhou 225003,China;Jiangsu Puxing Circular Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd.,Yangzhou 225654,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州225007 [2]江苏省生态农业工程技术研究中心,江苏扬州225008 [3]江苏普兴循环农业发展有限公司,江苏扬州225654

出　　处：《水产养殖》2020年第12期1-6,共6页Journal of Aquaculture

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)(BE2018366、BE2018355-4);江苏现代农业克氏原螯虾产业技术体系(JATS[2019]251、JATS[2019]254);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(17)2007];江苏省农业标准化试点(苏质监标发[2017]46号);江苏省“六大人才高峰”培养资金(NY-244);扬州市重点研发计划(YZ2018130、YZ2018069)。

摘　　要：为探讨藕田养殖克氏原螯虾系统中养分优化管理,开展了不同虾饲料投喂量和化肥施用量对克氏原螯虾生长特性与品质的影响研究。试验设置了7种处理,重复3次,分别为T1(100%饲料+100%化肥)、T2(100%饲料+75%化肥)、T3(100%饲料+50%化肥)、T4(85%饲料+100%化肥)、T5(70%饲料+100%化肥)、T6(85%饲料+75%化肥)、T7(70%饲料+50%化肥)。结果表明:克氏原螯虾体长增量随着时间延长呈先增加后递减趋势;体质量增量随时间延长呈先增加、后维持一定水平,再递减趋势。克氏原螯虾的生长过程中,先长体长,后长体质量。与常规习惯比较,降低饲料和化肥投入量后,克氏原螯虾产量维持在0.184 kg/m2(T1处理为0.193 kg/m2),其中T7处理产量较低,为0.169 kg/m2。T7处理克氏原螯虾含肉率、粗蛋白和不饱和脂肪酸等品质指标都有所下降。研究表明,"藕虾"共作系统中天然饵料能支撑一定产量的克氏原螯虾养殖,饲料和化肥投入分别减少至85%和75%依然可以维持克氏原螯虾产量,过度减少饲料和化肥的投入则会导致克氏原螯虾减产风险。The effects of feed and fertilizer inputs on the growth,yield and quality of crayfish were studied to study the optimal nutrient management in the co-cropping system of lotus root and crayfish.There were seven treatments,T1(100%feed+100%fertilizer),T2(100%feed+75%fertilizer),T3(100%feed+50%fertilizer),T4(85%feed+100%fertilizer),T5(70%feed+100%fertilizer),T6(85%feed+75%fertilizer)and T7(70%feed+50%fertilizer).The results showed that with the increment of crayfish body length,crayfish body weight increased first,then maintained a certain level,and then decreased.In the process of growth,the crayfish grew first in body size and then in body weight.Compared with the convention,after reducing the input of feed and fertiliz er,the yield of crayfish was maintained at 0.184 kg·m-2(T1 treatment was 0.193 kg·m-2),and the yield of T7 treatment was lower at 0.169 kg·m-2.The content of meat,crude protein and unsaturated fatty acid of crayfish of T7 treated decreased.The results indicated that the natural feed can support the cultivation of certain amount of crayfish in the co-cropping system of lotus root and crayfish.Reducing feed and fertilizer inputs to 85%and75%,respectively,could still sustain crayfish production,and excessively reducing the input of feed and fertilizer will lead to the risk of loss of crayfish yield.

关 键 词：藕虾 饲料 化肥 克氏原螯虾 生长特性 品质 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]