基于声学的木材无损检测技术研究进展  

A review of the nondestructive testing of wood based on acoustics

作　　者：张晴晖 戴杨 李俊萩 钟丽辉 蓝增全[2] ZHANG Qinghui;DAI Yang;LI Junqiu;ZHONG Lihui;LAN Zengquan(College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Ecological Tea(Forest Tea)Research Center,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学大数据与智能工程学院,昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学生态茶学(森林茶)研究中心,昆明650224

出　　处：《科技导报》2020年第22期95-103,共9页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：云南省科技厅生物资源数字化开发应用项目(202002AA10007);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2020J0402);云南省农业联合项目(2018FG001-108);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2020J0400)。

摘　　要：声学的无损检测方法具有成本低、易于携带、无辐射、检测速度快等优点,在木材领域内广泛应用。阐述了基于声学的常见6种无损检测方法,包括冲击应力波法、超声波速法、共振法、声发射、声-超声和层析成像技术的基本原理,并对其特点进行了分析与比较。介绍了这些方法在木材工业中的应用,包括对木材的物理力学特性的评估、木材内部缺陷的检测。综述了提高检测精度的研究现状,分析了基于声学的木材无损检测研究中存在的困难。展望了木材无损检测设备在信号源、信号传输机理、信号分析与处理、便携性与实时性等方面的发展趋势。Due to its advantages of low cost, portability and easy field operation, no radiation, and fast detection speed, the acoustic-based non-destructive testing method has been widely applied in the area of wood materials. In this paper, we present first the basic principles of common acoustic-based nondestructive testing methods, including the impact stress wave method, the ultrasonic method, the resonance method, the acoustic emission, the acousto-ultrasonics, and the tomography technology, and analyze and compare their characteristics. Then, we review the applications of these methods in the wood industry, such as the evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of wood and the detection of wood internal defects, and the studies of improving the detection accuracy, and analyze the difficulties in the acoustic-based wood non-destructive testing. Finally, we discuss the development trend of the wood non-destructive testing equipment in terms of signal source, signal transmission mechanism,signal analysis and processing, portability and real-time performance, and point out that the emergence of new theories and technologies will greatly promote the development of non-destructive detection for wood.

关 键 词：无损检测 木材 声学方法 超声波 应力波 声发射 声-超声 

分 类 号：TS67[轻工技术与工程]