农村垃圾厌氧-准好氧时空联合生物反应器中微生物群落分析  

Analysis of microbial community in the anaerobic/semi-aerobic spatiotemporal bioreactor for rural wastes

作　　者：郭南飞 韩智勇[1,2,3] 史瑞 李浩[1,2,3] 刘洁 Guo Nanfei;Han Zhiyong;Shi Rui;Li Hao;Liu Jie(State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(Chengdu University of Technology),Chengdu 610059,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil&Water Pollution(Chengdu University of Technology),Chengdu 610059,China;College of Environment and Ecology,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;School of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,China)

机构地区：[1]地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室(成都理工大学),成都610059 [2]国家环境保护水土污染协同控制与联合修复重点实验室(成都理工大学),成都610059 [3]成都理工大学生态环境学院,成都610059 [4]成都大学建筑与土木工程学院,成都610106

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第19期200-208,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：四川省杰出青年科技人才项目(2020JDJQ0053);四川省重大科技专项课题(2019YFS0509);中国博士后特别资助基金(2018T110953);地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国重实验室自主课题(SKLGP2019Z009)。

摘　　要：生物反应器是处理农村中小型固体废物的有效技术,该研究以时空联合型厌氧-准好氧生物反应器(SASAB,Sequentially Anaerobic/Semi-Aerobic Bioreactor)为研究对象,利用16S rRNA高通量测序分析了STASAB中的微生物群落,以期为该反应器的高效运行提供理论依据。结果表明,各生物反应器处理单元中将C1、C2和C3生物反应器设为试验组,分别在第66、101和246天开始依次按SASAB操作运行的优势菌门为Proteobacteria(18.5%~26.6%)、Firmicutes(14.9%~26.6%)、Chloroflexi(6.6%~25.2%)、Bacteroidetes(8.2%~24.0%)、Actinobacteria(6.9%~13.8%)。C3处理单元在厌氧阶段中的优势菌属为Lentimicrobiume、vadinBC27_wastewater-sludge_group、Treponema_2、norank_f_Synergistaceae(产甲烷菌)等。在STASAB各处理单元中发现了硝化细菌Deinococcus-Thermus以及大量的反硝化细菌norank_f_Anaerolineaceae、unclassified_o_Rhizobiales、Hyphomicrobiu、AKYG587、Bacillus、norank_f_Caldilineaceae等。Venn图与PCA分析显示C1、C2具有相似的微生物群落结构,C3中的特有菌属高于其他反应器;RDA(Redundancy Analysis)分析表明C1、C2(STASAB)中的微生物群落具有更高的稳定性,不易受到外界环境因素的影响。因此,STASAB的空间布局和运行方式能够有效发挥厌氧和准好氧生物反应器的优势,高效促进产甲烷菌、硝化菌和反硝化菌的共存和生长代谢,实现农村生活垃圾的快速降解。Life cycle assessment(LCA)is an important method that can fully evaluate the natural resources consumed in the production process and activities,as well as its impacts on the environment.In recent years,LCA has been widely used in the biodiesel production process.China is enriched in various biodiesel feedstocks,such as soybean oil,colza oil,jatropha,microalgae and waste cooking oil.In the current study,a life cycle assessment methodology was applied to evaluate the energy consumption and emissions of biodiesel products derived from soybean oil and waste cooking oil in the process of a whole life cycle.The results showed that in the whole life cycle,the total energy consumption of soybean-derived biodiesel was about 2.65 times higher than that of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil.In the life cycle of soybean oil production for biodiesel,the majority energy consumption was contributed by the soybean planting stage,accounting for 62.55%of the total energy consumption.Particularly,the energy consumption of methanol production was rather high,accounting for 25.88%of the total energy consumption.In the life cycle of biodiesel made from cooking waste oil,the main energy consumption was in the production stage of methanol and catalyst,accounting for 81.12%of the total energy consumption.It was followed by the pretreatment stage of gutter oil,consuming 11.25%of the total energy input.In combustion,the CO2,SO2 and CO emissions from biodiesels either from soybean oil or waste cooking oil were both lower than those from the conventional diesel.Moreover,compared with the emissions of biodiesel derived from soybean oil,the CO2,SO2,NOx,CO,and dust emissions of biodiesel from the waste cooking oil were reduced by 82.92%,45.68%,94.91%,53.40%and 90.61%,respectively.It infers that the application of biodiesel can significantly reduce the emissions of greenhouse and acid gas.It also confirms that the greenhouse effect can be inevitably slowed down when using the biodiesel on a large scale.According to the environmental impac

关 键 词：农村 微生物群落 垃圾处理 高通量测序 时空联合型厌氧-准好氧生物反应器 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]