海带自然晾晒与热泵烘干级联干燥自动控制系统研制  

Development of automatic control system for natural drying and heat pump drying of kelp cascade drying

作　　者：朱烨[1] 江涛[1] 张现广 洪扬[1] 邢精珠 Zhu Ye;Jiang Tao;Zhang Xianguang;Hong Yang;Xing Jingzhu(Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,上海200092

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2020年第19期298-305,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-50)。

摘　　要：干燥是海带加工过程中的工序之一,为进一步解决海带干燥过程中劳动强度大、能耗高等问题,该研究设计了自然晾晒与热泵烘干级联的干燥模式并研制了海带全程自动搬运、协调工作的码垛自动控制系统,其由晾晒棚、热泵房、码垛装置、桥接装置与控制室组成。采用USS协议与G120变频器通讯,采集信号通过485通讯口送到可编程逻辑控制器PLC的寄存器,PLC对行走电机进行加减速判断;同时利用Profibus协议实现PLC与Sick条码定位传感器通讯,实现晾晒杆准确定位;然后编程控制气动抓手,实现海带晾晒杆的自动抓放等动作;利用限位开关作为数据传递的触发信号,晾晒棚与热泵房导轨自动对接,实现海带自然晾晒与热泵烘干结合。试验结果表明,该控制系统总运行时间为5.7 h,晾晒杆定位误差±1 cm,高速运行速度20 m/min,晴天自然晾晒可减少海带含水率至60%,烘干后海带含水率为15.2%左右,泥沙、杂质率为0%,为一级品。系统运行稳定,节约人工,保证海带干燥的品质。该研究有助于为藻类加工产业提供高品质、低能耗、绿色环保新模式与样板。Kelp drying plays an important role in kelp processing and storage.However,there are some challenge issues in the kelp drying,such as high labor cost and high power consumption.In order to solve these issues in kelp drying,reduce the labor intensity,save power consumption,and improve the quality of products,a new type of sea-belt drying system combining the natural drying method with the heat pump drying method has been proposed.The new system is based on a task force and cascading design and consists of 5 parts,namely drying room,heat pump room,palletizing device,bridge part and control room.The automatic control system for the kelp drying includes data communication function,dry rod position tracking function,and environmental parameter measurement function.Without the manual labor,such as transport and tumble the fresh kelp,50 drying rods hanging 100 kg of fresh kelp are automatically lifted to the drying room,a support frame with a length,width and height of 34.5 m×6 m×6.5 m for natural drying.The Siemens programmable logic controller(PLC)is used to communicate with the G120 inverter.The Universal Serial Interface(USS)protocol is employed to achieve long-distance acceleration and deceleration of the target position.The Process Field Bus(PROFIBUS)protocol is utilized to communicate with the Sick barcode positioning sensor to ensure accurate positioning of the drying rod.The rod track is used to synchronize the running motor and position the palletizing equipment.The limit switches are used to generate the trigger signal for kelp transmission from the drying room to the heat pump room,that is,the automatic bridge function.The heat pump drying method is to ensure the moisture content of kelp drying achieving high quality after the natural drying procedure.After completing the design of the automatic control system,several kelps are selected as the experimental samples.The test results showed that the walking motor can be adjusted by frequency conversion.The maximum speed is 20 m/min,the minimum speed is 3 m/mi

关 键 词：烘干 加工 控制系统 海带 自然晾晒 热泵烘干 级联系统 

分 类 号：S985.41[农业科学—捕捞与储运]