中国经济海藻养殖技术概况与展望  

Overview and Prospects of China Economic Seaweed Cultivation Technology

作　　者：刘福利[1] 牛建峰[2] 隋正红[3] 单体锋[2] 王铁杆[4] 唐贤明 梁洲瑞[1] 逄少军 LIU Fuli;NIU Jianfeng;SUI Zhenghong;SHAN Tifeng;WANG Tiegan;TANG Xianming;LIANG Zhourui;PANG Shaojun(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shandong Qingdao 266071,China;Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shandong Qingdao 266071,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding,Ministry of Education,College of Marine Life Sciences,Ocean University of China,Shandong Qingdao 266003,China;Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute,Zhejiang Wenzhou 325005,China;Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences,Haikou 571126,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业农村部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,中国科学院实验海洋生物学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]中国海洋大学,海洋生物遗传学与育种教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [4]浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,浙江温州325005 [5]海南省海洋与渔业科学院,海口571126

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2020年第12期1-9,共9页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系藻类体系专项(CARS-50);蓝色粮仓科技创新专项(2018YFD0900305,2018YFD0901500)。

摘　　要：我国是全球海藻生产和消费大国。当前,我国海藻养殖种类以海带、紫菜、江蓠和裙带菜等为主体,兼有小规模养殖的羊栖菜、鼠尾藻、麒麟菜、石花菜、礁膜、浒苔、长茎葡萄蕨藻等。海藻养殖方式包括浅海养殖、潮间带养殖和陆基养殖。近年来,在全球气候变化、海水污染、海岸工程等多重压力下,海藻养殖环境不佳,养殖病害多发;另外,海洋生态文明建设大背景下的近海水域利用政策变化,对海藻养殖产业及其养殖技术提出了新的要求与挑战。对我国海藻养殖技术进行回顾,总结经验、查找不足,提出新思路、新方法,以期为我国海藻养殖产业可持续发展提供支撑。China is a large seaweed production and consumption country in the world. At present, farmed seaweed species in China mainly include Saccharina spp., Pyropia spp., Gracilaria spp. and Undaria pinnatifida. There are also small-scale cultivated species, Sargassum spp., Eucheuma spp., Kappaphycus spp., Gelidium spp., Ulva spp. and Caulerpa spp.. There are three types of seaweed farming model including shallow sea farming, intertidal farming and land-based farming. In recent years, under the multiple pressures of global climate change, seawater pollution and coastal engineering, the physical cultivation environment in which these seaweeds are farmed has deteriorated and diseases have occurred rather frequently. In addition, the policy of shallow sea usage in the context of marine ecological civilization construction has changed. This change puts forward new demands and challenges for the seaweed farming industry, calling for updated techniques and models. This paper reviewed the current seaweed cultivation in general in China, summarized the experience, found the deficiency, and proposed new ideas and methods to provide support for the sustainable development of seaweed cultivation industry in the future.

关 键 词：经济海藻 养殖技术 多营养层次综合养殖 海带 紫菜 江蓠 

分 类 号：S96[农业科学—水产养殖]