建筑工人不安全行为的认知失效致因仿真研究  

Simulation study on causes of cognitive failure of construction workers’unsafe behavior

作　　者：叶贵[1,2] 越宏哲 冯新怡 李元莉 陈俐莹 YE Gui;YUE Hongzhe;FENG Xinyi;LI Yuanli;CHEN Liying(School of Management Science and Real Estate,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China;International Research Center for Sustainable Built Environment,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学管理科学与房地产学院,重庆400045 [2]重庆大学可持续建设国际研究中心,重庆400045

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2020年第11期6-12,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(71972020)。

摘　　要：为提升建筑施工安全管理水平,有效降低建筑工人不安全行为,梳理出影响建筑工人不安全行为认知过程失效的7类个体因素和4类环境因素,建立认知过程失效致因的4阶段模型,并采用软件Matlab仿真多因素导致认知失效的过程。结果表明:环境因素通过影响个体因素作用于建筑工人的认知过程。安全意识、安全知识不足会导致建筑工人第1阶段的认知过程失效;低估风险会导致建筑工人第2阶段的认知过程失效;未选择安全动机和较低风险接受程度会导致建筑工人第3阶段认知过程失效;未正确执行行动会导致建筑工人第4阶段认知过程失效。良好的主观规范有助于纠正建筑工人第2阶段的认知偏差。In order to improve safety management in construction and effectively reduce unsafe behavior of construction workers,seven types of individual factors and four types of environmental factors affecting cognitive process failure of their unsafe behaviors were sorted out.Then,a four-stage causation model of failure was established,and Matlab was used to simulate process of cognitive failure caused by multiple factors.The results show that environmental factors affect workers’cognitive processes by influencing individual factors.Inadequate safety awareness and safety knowledge will lead to cognitive failure in first stage while underestimating risk is a main reason for it in second stage.Failure to choose a safe motivation and lower risk acceptance will lead to cognitive failure in third stage,and failure to perform actions properly leads to that in fourth stage.Moreover,good subjective norms help to correct cognitive bias in second stage of workers’cognitive process.

关 键 词：建筑工人 不安全行为 认知过程 个体因素 环境因素 

分 类 号：X910[环境科学与工程—安全科学]