拟康氏木霉和黑根霉混合发酵对苹果链格孢的防治  

Control of Alternaria alternata by Mixed Fermentation of Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Rhizopus nigrican

作　　者：丛韫喆 马群飞 杨文慧 陈靠山[1,2] Cong Yunzhe;Ma Qunfei;Yang Wenhui;Chen Kaoshan(School of Life Science,Shandong University,Qingdao Shandong 266000;Suzhou Institute of Shandong University,Suzhou Jiangsu 215123;Shandong Pufang Biological Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yantai Shandong 265200)

机构地区：[1]山东大学生命科学学院,山东青岛266000 [2]山东普方生物科技有限公司,江苏苏州215123 [3]山东大学苏州研究院,山东烟台265200

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2020年第19期121-126,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：苏州市科技发展计划项目“含三种生物防治微生物的生物有机肥的研制”(SNG201604)。

摘　　要：研究黑根霉和拟康氏木霉混合发酵液对苹果链格孢菌的生物防治效果,探索开发为新型绿色环保生物防治剂。对2种生防微生物进行形态学鉴定和ITS鉴定;生长速率法测定混合发酵液的抑菌活性;在烟台莱阳进行田间实验对发病较为严重的果园进行为期一年的多次灌根与喷施处理,测定其防治效果并测定其对苹果叶片SOD、POD等防御相关酶的活性。研究结果表明,黑根霉和拟康氏木霉混合发酵可显著提高对病原微生物链格孢菌的抑菌能力。平板抑菌实验结果表明,混合发酵液对链格孢菌的抑菌效果达到了66.73%,显著高于黑根霉和拟康氏木霉单独发酵液的51.23%、17.28%;田间实验发现,混合发酵液处理后苹果斑点落叶病发病率与对照组相比显著下降,相对防效达到42.46%;对其叶片防御酶测定结果表明,混合发酵液处理后,苹果叶片的防御酶SOD、POD、PAL活性均有50%以上的提高。黑根霉和拟康氏木霉混合发酵液对苹果链格孢菌具有显著的抑制作用,能有效防治苹果斑点落叶病,提高苹果抗病能力,为新型生防制剂的开发提供了参考。The research aims at the biological control effect of Rhizopus nigrican and Trichoderma pseudokoningii mixed fermentation broth on Alternaria alternata, and the development of a new environmentalfriendly biological control agent. We conducted morphological identification and ITS identification on two biocontrol microorganisms. The growth rate method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the mixed fermentation broth. In the field experiment in Laiyang of Yantai, the orchards with severe disease were treated with multiple irrigations and spraying of the broth for one year, and the control effect was measured and the activities of defense-related enzymes such as SOD, POD and PAL in apple leaves were determined. The results showed that the mixed fermentation of R. nigrican and T. pseudokoningii significantly improved the antibacterial ability against the pathogenic microorganism A. alternata. The antibacterial activity in vitro showed that the mixed fermentation broth had 66.73% antibacterial effect against A. alternata, which was significantly higher than the single fermentation broth of R. nigrican(51.23%) and T. pseudokoningii(17.28%).The field experiment showed that compared with the control group, the incidence of apple A. alternata leaf spot disease after treatment with the mixed fermentation broth decreased significantly and the relative control effect reached 42.46%. The results of leaf defense enzyme assay showed that the activity of SOD, POD and PAL of apple leaves increased by more than 50% after the treatment with mixed fermentation broth. Therefore, the mixed fermentation broth of R. nigrican and T. pseudokoningii has significantly inhibitory effect on A. alternata,and could effectively control apple A. alternata leaf spot disease and improve its disease resistance. The study lays a foundation for the development of new biological control agents.

关 键 词：拟康氏木霉 黑根霉 混合发酵 抑菌活性 链格孢菌 田间实验 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]